ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Terrain and Land Use/Land Cover Changes of Mine Sites using Geospatial Techniques in Plateau State, Nigeria
In this paper, we report a geospatial assessment of the selected mine sites in the Plateau State, Nigeria. The aim of this work is to determine the impact of mining on the terrain as well as the Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) of the host communities. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) is used for the terrain mapping. The derived impact of mining on LULC between 1975 and 2014 is determined by classifying the relevant Landsat imageries. The digital terrain map reveal that the mining activity is not well-coordinated. Hence, the parts of the mine sites that are rich in the desired minerals are punctuated with low depth, while the other parts have high terrain as a result of the haphazard mining activity. The analysis of the LULC change show that the degraded land (DL), built-up area (BU), water bodies (WB), and exposed rock outcrop (RO) increase by 15.68%, 4.68%, 0.06%, and 14.5%, respectively, whereas the arable farmland (FL) and forest reserve (FR) decrease by 28.29% and 6.63%, respectively. Mining has adversely affected the natural ecology of the studied area. Therefore, the mine sites should be monitored, and their environmental damages should be pre-determined and mitigated. There should be regular inspections to keep these activities under control. The existing laws and regulations to conserve the natural ecosystems of the host communities should be enforced to curtail the excesses of the operators of the mining industries. Restoration of the minefields to reduce the existing hazards prevent further environmental degradation, and facilitating the socio-economic development of the area is also suggested.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1890_06ab46e03899b16ee14284dbe68fb681.pdf
2020-10-01
935
948
10.22044/jme.2020.9668.1879
Geospatial
terrain
SRTM
LULC
Classification
A.
Owolabi
ayodele.owolabi@futa.edu.ng
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
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55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimal Earthmoving Fleet Size for Minimising Emissions and Cost
Traditionally, the earthmoving operations have been developed based on the minimum cost per production criterion. Nowadays, due to the negative impacts of the emissions on the environment, there is an increasing public awareness to reduce the emissions from the earthmoving operations. Different management strategies can be employed to reduce emissions, amongst other things, which can also result in a reduction in the operational costs. This paper aims to examine the cost and emissions related to the earthmoving equipment from an operational standpoint. The queue theory is used in order to demonstrate that the optimum cost per production fleet size and the optimum emissions per production coincide. The linear and non-linear server utilization functions are employed to present a general optimization proof independent from any specific case study. The findings of this research work provide a better understanding of the relationship between the emissions and cost and how the under-trucking and over-trucking conditions affect the productivity and environmental affairs in the earthmoving operations.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1884_1eedea6c7d2147e23d88381f9ca9b940.pdf
2020-10-01
949
965
10.22044/jme.2020.9910.1918
Loader-truck operation
Surface Mining
Fleet size
Emissions
cost
Seyed A.R.
Kaboli
sa.kaboli@gmail.com
1
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
AUTHOR
M.
Bahaaddini
mojtaba_bahaaddini@yahoo.com
2
Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed M.
Kaboli
sm.kaboli@gmail.com
3
Payam Noor University of Semnan,Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
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[26]. Han, S., Hong, T.and Lee, S. (2008). Production prediction of conventional and global positioning system–based earthmoving systems using simulation and multiple regression analysis. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 35(6): 574-87.
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49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis and Forecast of Mining Accidents in Pakistan
In the mining sector, the barrier to obtain an efficient safety management system is the unavailability of future information regarding the accidents. This paper aims to use the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, for the first time, to evaluate the underlying causes that affect the safety management system corresponding to the number of accidents and fatalities in the surface and underground mining in Pakistan. The original application of the ARIMA model provides that how the number of accidents and fatalities is influenced by the implementation of various approaches to promote an effective safety management system. The ARIMA model requires the data series of the predicted elements with a random pattern over time and produce an equation. After the model identification, it may forecast the future pattern of the events based on its existing and future values. In this research work, the accident data for the period of 2006-2019-is collected from Inspectorate of Mines and Minerals (Pakistan), Mine Workers Federation, and newspapers in order to evaluate the long-term forecast. The results obtained reveal that ARIMA (2, 1, 0) is a suitable model for both the mining accidents and the workers’ fatalities. The number of accidents and fatalities are forecasted from 2020 to 2025. The results obtained suggest that the policy-makers should take a systematic consideration by evaluating the possible risks associated with an increased number of accidents and fatalities, and develop a safe and effective working platform.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1896_aee62ad00f9ec070aae058da2c9f4a69.pdf
2020-10-01
967
976
10.22044/jme.2020.10082.1945
Autoregressive integrating moving average method
fatalities
safety management system
Forecasting
mine safety
K.
Shah
kausarsultanshah@gmail.com
1
Department of Mining Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
I.
Mithal Jiskani
izharjiskani@gmail.com
2
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
AUTHOR
N.
Shahani
shahani.niaz@cumt.edu.cn
3
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
AUTHOR
H.
Rehman
miner1239@yahoo.com
4
Department of Mining Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
AUTHOR
N.
Khan
engrnaseer1@gmail.com
5
Department of Mining Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
AUTHOR
S.
Hussain
engr.sajjad@uetpeshawar.edu.pk
6
Department of Mining Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
AUTHOR
[1]. Malkani, M.S. and Mahmood, Z.A.F.A.R. (2016). Mineral resources of Pakistan: a review. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Record. 128: 1-90.
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[2]. Malkani, M.S. and Mahmood, Z. (2017). Mineral Resources of Pakistan: provinces and basins wise. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir. 25: 1-179.
2
[3]. Malkani, M.S., Mahmood, Z., Alyani, M.I. and Siraj, M. (2017). Mineral Resources of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA, Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Information Release. 996: 1-61.
3
[4]. kausar sultan shah, S.k., Abdur Rehman, Socio-Environmental Impacts of Coal Mining: A Case Study of Cherat Coal Mines Pakistan. Int. J. Econ. Environ. Geol. Vol., 2019. 10 (3): p. 129-133.
4
[5]. Shah, K.S., Khan, M.A., Khan, S., Rahman, A., Khan, N.M. and Abbas, N. (2020). Analysis of Underground Mining Accidents at Cherat Coalfield, Pakistan. International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology. 11 (1): 113-117.
5
[6]. Jiskani, I. M., Cai, Q., Zhou, W. and Lu, X. (2020). Assessment of risks impeding sustainable mining in Pakistan using fuzzy synthetic evaluation. Resources Policy. 69: 101820.
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[7]. Jiskani, I.M., Ullah, B., Shah, K.S., Bacha, S., Shahani, N.M., Ali, M. and Qureshi, A.R. (2019). Overcoming mine safety crisis in Pakistan: An appraisal. Process safety progress. 38 (4): e12041.
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[8]. Jiskani, I.M., Cai, Q., Zhou, W., Chang, Z., Chalgri, S.R., Manda, E. and Lu, X. (2020). Distinctive Model of Mine Safety for Sustainable Mining in Pakistan. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 1-15.
8
[9]. Zhang, J., Fu, J., Hao, H., Fu, G., Nie, F. and Zhang, W. (2020). Root causes of coal mine accidents: Characteristics of safety culture deficiencies based on accident statistics. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 136, 78-91.
9
[10]. Shahani, N.M., Sajid, M.J., Jiskani, I.M., Ullah, B. and Qureshi, A.R. (2020). Comparative analysis of coal Miner’s fatalities by fuzzy logic. Journal of Mining and Environment.
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[11]. Bonsu, J., Van Dyk, W., Franzidis, J.P., Petersen, F. and Isafiade, A. (2017). A systemic study of mining accident causality: an analysis of 91 mining accidents from a platinum mine in South Africa. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 117 (1): 59-66.
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[12]. Sarkar, S., Vinay, S., Raj, R., Maiti, J. and Mitra, P. (2019). Application of optimized machine learning techniques for prediction of occupational accidents. Computers & Operations Research, 106, 210-224.
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[14]. Xie, X., Fu, G., Xue, Y., Zhao, Z., Chen, P., Lu, B. and Jiang, S. (2019). Risk prediction and factors risk analysis based on IFOA-GRNN and apriori algorithms: Application of artificial intelligence in accident prevention. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 122: 169-184.
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[15]. Xu, Q. and Xu, K. (2020). Statistical analysis and prediction of fatal accidents in the metallurgical industry in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17 (11): 3790.
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[16]. Box, G.E., et al., Time series analysis: forecasting and control. 2015: John Wiley & Sons.
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[17]. Kher, A.A. and Yerpude, R. (2016). Application of Forecasting Models on Indian Coal Mining Fatal Accident (Time Series) Data. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 11(2), 1533-1537.
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[18]. Al-Zyood, M. (2017). Forecast car accident in Saudi Arabia with ARIMA models. International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, 7 (3): 30, 33.
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[19]. Li, Y. (2019). Analysis and Forecast of Global Civil Aviation Accidents for the Period 1942-2016. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2019.
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[20]. Ghédira, A., Kammoun, K. and Saad, C.B. (2018). Temporal Analysis of Road Accidents by ARIMA Model: Case of Tunisia. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies. 24 (4): 1544-1553.
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[21]. Rajaprasad, S.V.S. (2018). Prediction of fatal accidents in Indian factories based on ARIMA. Production Engineering Archives. 18 (18): 24-30.
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[24]. Yixuan, S.U.N., Chunfu, S.H.A.O., Xun, J. I. and Liang, Z.H.U. (2015). Urban traffic accident time series prediction model based on combination of ARIMA and information granulation SVR. Journal of tsinghua university (science and technology). 54 (3): 348-353.
24
[25]. Shumway, R. and D. Stoffer. (2011). ARIMA models’, Time Series Analysis and Its Applications. Springer New York, NY, USA.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dilution Risk Ranking in Underground Metal Mines using Multi-Attributive Approximation Area Comparison
The contamination of ores with wastes or materials of lower than the cut-off grade is referred to as dilution. Dilution is an undesirable phenomenon that, on one hand, reduces the product grade and, consequently, reduces the sales prices and, on the other hand, adds an extra cost to waste production. Therefore, studying and evaluating the dilution risk is important in mining, and especially in underground mining. In this work, using a powerful decision-making method, i.e. Multi-Attributive Approximation Area Comparison (MABAC), the dilution risk and ranking it in underground mines are assessed. For this purpose, the most important parameters affecting the dilution in 10 mines of the Venarch manganese mines are first identified and then weighed using the Fuzzy Delphi Analytical Hierarchy Analysis (FDAHP) method. Then using the MABAC method, the dilution risk score for each mine is estimated, and subsequently, various mines are ranked as the dilution risk. Then with the implementation of the Cavity Monitoring System (CMS) and measurement of the actual dilution values, the mines are ranked in dilution. The correct matching of the results of these two rankings indicates that the MABAC method is highly effective in the ranking of the risk. At the end, the risk ranking of the mines is done using the TOPSIS method, and the lack of full compliance with the results of this method with the actual values indicates that the MABAC method is preferable to the TOPSIS method.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1650_d632c04f83de70d01a602866fbe1df77.pdf
2020-10-01
977
989
10.22044/jme.2019.8506.1729
Dilution risk
Ranking
MABAC approach
Underground metal mine
M.
Mohseni
m.mohsenil@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum & Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Ataei
ataei@shahroodut.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum & Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Khaloo Kakaie
r_kakaie@shahroodut.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum & Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]. Jang, H., Topal, E. and Kawamura,Y. (2015). "Decision support system of unplanned dilution and ore-loss in underground stoping operation using a neuro-fuzzy system". Applied Soft Computing 32, pp.1-12.
1
[2]. Stewart, P.C. and Trueman, R. (2008). "Strategies for Minimizing and predicting Dilution in Narrow Vein Mines-The Narrow Vein Dilution Method". Narrow Vein Mining Conference, Ballarat, Vic.
2
[3]. Henning, J.G. and Mitri, H.S. (2007). "Numerical modeling of ore dilution in blast-hole stoping". International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Science, 44: 692-703.
3
[4]. Mohseni, M., Ataei, M. and Khaloo Kakaie, R. (2018). "A new classification system for evaluation and prediction of unplanned dilution in cut-and-fill stoping method". Journal of Mining and Environment, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 873-892.
4
[5]. Saeedi, G., Rezai, B., Shareiar, K.and Oraee, K. (2008). "Quantifying level of out-of-seam dilution for longwall mining method and its impact on yield of coal washing plant in Tabas coal mine". In Proceedings of the international seminar on mineral processing technology, Trivandrum, India.
5
[6]. Le Roux, P.J. (2016). "Measurement and prediction of dilution in a gold mine operating with open stoping mining methods". Phd thesis, Johannesburg University.
6
[7]. Popov, G. (1971). The Working of Mineral Deposits, Translated by V. Shiffer. Mir Publishers, Moscow: pp. 259-267.
7
[8]. Miller, F., Potvin, Y. and Jacob, D. (1992). “Laser measurement of open stope dilution”. CIM (Canadian Mining and Metallurgical) Bulletin. 85(962): 96-102.
8
[9]. Pamučar, D. and Ćirović, G. (2015). “The selection of transport and handling resources in logistics centers using Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison (MABAC)”. Expert systems with applications. 42(6): 3016-3028.
9
[10]. Peng, X. and Yang, Y. (2016). “Pythagorean fuzzy Choquet integral based MABAC method for multiple attribute group decision making”. International Journal of Intelligent Systems. 31(10): 989-1020
10
[11]. Xue, Y.-X., You, J.-X., Lai, X.-D. and Liu, H.-C. (2016). “An interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy MABAC approach for material selection with incomplete weight information”. Applied Soft Computing. 38: 703-713.
11
[12]. Debnath, A., Roy, J., Kar, S., Zavadskas, E. and Antucheviciene, J. (2017). “A hybrid MCDM approach for strategic project portfolio selection of agro by-products”. Sustainability. 9(8): 1302.
12
[13]. Yu, S.-m., Wang, J. and Wang, J.-q. (2017). “An interval type-2 fuzzy likelihood-based MABAC approach and its application in selecting hotels on a tourism website”. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems. 19(1): 47-61.
13
[14]. Shi, H., Liu, H.-C., Li, P. and Xu, X.-G. (2017). “An integrated decision making approach for assessing healthcare waste treatment technologies from a multiple stakeholder”. Waste management, 59, 508-517.
14
[15]. Goorchi, R. N., Amini, M. and Memarian, H. (2018). “A new rating system approach for risk analysis of rock slopes”. Natural hazards, 1-28.
15
[16]. Liu, S., Li, W. and Wang, Q. (2018). “Zoning method for environmental engineering geological patterns in underground coal mining areas”. Science of the Total Environment, 634, 1064-1076.
16
[17]. Pamučar, D., Petrović, I. and Ćirović, G. (2018). “Modification of the Best–Worst and MABAC methods: A novel approach based on interval-valued fuzzy-rough numbers”. Expert systems with applications. 91: 89-106
17
[18]. Liang, W., Zhao, G., Wu, H. and Dai, B. (2019). “Risk assessment of rockburst via an extended MABAC method under fuzzy environment”. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 83: 533-544.
18
[19]. (NGDIR, 2014). www.ngdir.ir.
19
[20]. Kavoshgaran Consulting Engineers Company (KCE). (2010). Exploration project of Venarch Deposit. 1- 23 (In Persian).
20
[21]. Mohseni, M., Ataei, M. and Khaloo Kakaie, R. (2018). "Presentation of a Model for Determination of dilution in Cut and Fill Mining Method". PhD theses, Faculty of Mining, Petroleum & Geophysics Shahrood University of Technology. (In persian).
21
[21]. Mohseni, M., Ataei, M. and Khaloo Kakaie, R. (2018). "A model for prediction unplanned dilution in underground metal mines with rock engineering system approach". Journal of Mineral Resources Engineering (JMRE). (In persian).
22
[22]. Laubscher, D.H. (1977). “Geomechanics Classification of Jointed Rock Mass – Mining Applications”. Trans. Inst, Min. Metall.pp-86.
23
[23]. Henning, J.G. (2007). “Evaluation of Long-Hole Mine Design Influences on Unplanned Ore dilution”. PhD thesis, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Egineering, Mc Gill University, Montreal.
24
[24]. Mohseni, M., Ataei, M. and Khaloo Kakaie, R. (2019). "Effects of Blast Vibration on Unplanned Dilution in an Underground Metal Mine". Analytical and Numerical Methods in Mining Engineering. Vol. 8, No. 17, pp. 77-90.
25
[25]. Diederichs, M.S. and Kaiser, P.K. (1996). “Rock Instability and Risk Analyses in Open Stope Mine Design”. Can Geotech J, Canada. pp. 431-439.
26
[26]. Ataei, M., 2015. "Underground Mining", Shahrood University of Technology: Iran. p. 190. (In Persian).
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A New Technical and Economic Model to Calculate Specific Charge and Specific Drilling Using Hole Diameter, Bench Height, Uniaxial Compressive Strength, and Joint Set Orientation
Calculation of the specific charge and specific drilling before a blasting operation plays a significant role in the design of a blasting pattern and the reduction of the final extraction cost of minerals. In this work, the information from the Sungun, Miduk and Chah-Firouzeh copper mines in Iran was assessed, and it was found that there was a significant relationship between the specific charge and specific drilling and the hole diameter, bench height, uniaxial compressive strength and joint set orientation. After finding a technical and economic model to calculate the specific charge and specific drilling, this model was tested on the Sungun copper mine. Due to the insufficient consideration during the design of a blast pattern and because of the high hardness of the rocks in some parts of the mine, lots of destructive events such as boulders, back break, bench toe, high specific charge and high specific drilling, fly rock, and ground vibration in the blast operations were observed. The specific charge and specific drilling were found to be the most important technical and economic parameters involved in designing a blasting pattern, and they were found to play an important role in reducing the blasting cost. The blasting cost could be largely controlled by the accurate examination and computation of these parameters. An increase in the rock strength and the angle between the bench face and the main joint set would increase the specific charge and specific drilling. On the other hand, a specific charge and a specific drilling would decrease when the hole diameter increased in every range of the uniaxial compressive strength.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1831_d0075c951dc9bf1bc51aed353d049dee.pdf
2020-10-01
991
1005
10.22044/jme.2020.9527.1864
Specific Charge and specific Drilling
Hole diameter
Height bench
Uniaxial compressive strength
Joint set orientation
A.
Ghanizadeh Zarghami
a.gh.zarghami@gmail.com
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
K.
Shahriar
k.shahriar@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Mining and Metallurgy Engineering, Amir Kabir University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
K.
Goshtasbi
goshtasb@modares.ac.ir
3
Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Akbari Dehkharghani
afshinkr@gmail.com
4
Department of Petroleum, Mining and Material Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]. Parsaei, M. (2010). Analysis of geomechanical and stability of Rock mass conditions in Sungun copper mine with numerical modeling, Journal of Earth & Resources, pp. 31-42.
1
[2]. Ghanizadeh Zarghami, A., Shahriar, K., Goshtasbi, K. and Akbari A. (2018). A model to calculate blasting costs using hole diameter, uniaxial compressive strength, and joint set orientation, In: The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol. 118, pp. 869-877.
2
[3]. Hudaverdi, T. (2012). Application of multivariate analysis for prediction of blast-induced ground vibrations, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 43, pp. 300-308.
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[18]. Monjezi, M. and Dehghani, H. (2008). Evaluation of effect of blasting pattern parameters on back break using neural networks, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 45, pp. 1446-1453.
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[20]. Amini, H., Gholami, R., Monjezi, M., Torabi, S.R. and Zadhesh, J. (2011). Evaluation of flyrock phenomenon due to blasting operation by support vector machine, Neural Computing & Applications, pp. 1-9.
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[21]. Bajpayee, T., Rehak, T., Mowrey, G. and Ingram, D. (1999, 2002). A Summary of Fatal Accidents due to flyrock and Lack of Blast Area Security in Surface Mining, 1989 to 1999, Proceedings of The Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, ISEE, pp. 105-118.
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[25]. Ghasemi, E., Sari, M. and Ataei, M. (2012). Development of an empirical model for predicting the effects of controllable blasting parameters on fly rock distance in surface mines, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 52, pp. 163-70.
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[29]. Rezaei, M., Monjezi, M. and Yazdian Varjani, A. (2011). Development of a fuzzy model to predict flyrock in surface mining, Safety Science, Vol. 49, pp. 298-305.
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[31]. Ak, H., Iphar, M., Yavuz, M. and Konuk, A. (2009). Evaluation of ground vibration effect of blasting operations in a magnetite mine, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 29, pp. 669-676.
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[32]. Bakhshandeh Amnieh, H., Siamaki, A. and Soltani, S. (2012). Design of blasting pattern in proportion to the peak particle velocity (PPV): Artificial neural networks approach, Safety Science, Vol. 50, pp.1913-1916.
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[33]. Dehghani, H. and Ataee-Pour, M. (2011). Development of a model to predict peak particle velocity in a blasting operation, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 48, pp. 51-58.
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[34]. Guosheng Z., Jiang L. and Kui Z. (2011). Structural safety criteria for blasting vibration based on wavelet packet energy spectra, Mining Science and Technology, China, Vol. 21, pp. 35-40.
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[35]. Iphar M., Yavuz M. and Ak H. (2008). Prediction of ground vibrations resulting from the blasting operations in an open-pit mine by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, Environmental Geolog, Vol. 56, pp. 97-107.
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[36]. Monjezi M., Ahmadi M., Sheikhan M., Bahrami A. and Salimi A. (2010). Predicting blast-induced ground vibration using various types of neural networks, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 30, pp. 1233-1236.
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[37]. Shuran L. and Shujin L. (2011). Applying BP Neural Network Model to Forecast Peak Velocity of Blasting Ground Vibration, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 26, pp. 257-263.
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[38]. Gheibie, S., Aghababaei, H., Hoseinie, S.H. and Pourrahimian, Y. (2009). Modified Kuz-Ram Fragmentation Model and its use at the Sungun Copper Mine, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 46, pp. 967-73.
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[41]. Ghanizadeh Zarghami A., Shahriar K., Goshtasbi K. and Akbari A. (2018). An investigation into the extremum points of the specific charge for presentation of models to calculate of burden in three copper mines in Iran, In: The 1st National Conference of Modeling in Mining Engineering, https://www.civilica.com/Paper-NCMME01-NCMME01_032.html.
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[50]. Kim, K. (2006). Blasting Design Using Fracture Toughness and Image Analysis of the Bench face and Muckpile , Virginia, Polytechnic Institute and state University, p. 137.
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59
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Numerical Investigation of Effect of Rock Bolt Angle on Shear Behavior of Rock Bridges
In this work, the effect of rock bolt angle on the shear behavior of Rock Bridges is investigated using the particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D) for three different Rock Bridge lengths. Firstly, the calibration of PF2D is performed to reproduce the gypsum sample. Then the numerical models with the dimensions of 100 mm * 100 mm are prepared. The Rock Bridge is created in the middle of the model by removal of the narrow bands of discs from it. The uniaxial compressive strength of the Rock Bridge is 7.4 MPa. The Rock Bridge lengths are 30 mm, 50 mm, and 70 mm. The rock bolt is calibrated by a parallel bond. The tensile strength of the simulated rock bolt is 360 MPa.One rock bolt is implemented in the Rock Bridge. The rock bolt angles related to the horizontal axis are the changes from 0 to 75 degrees. Totally, 18 models are prepared. The shear test condition is added to the models. The normal stress is fixed at 2 MPa, and the shear load is added to the model till failure occurs. The results obtained show that in a fixed rock bolt angle, the tensile crack initiates from the joint tip and propagates parallel to the shear loading axis till coalescence to rock bolt. In a constant Rock Bridge length, the shear strength decreases with increase in the rock bolt angle. The highest shear strength occurs when the rock bolt angle is 0°.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1886_6542f35fa4b5929563ba949217a6d869.pdf
2020-10-01
1007
1022
10.22044/jme.2020.9580.1871
rock bridge
rock bolt
PFC2D
V.
Sarfarazi
vahab.sarfarazi@gmail.com
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Tabaroei
a.tabaroei@eshragh.ac.ir
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Eshragh Institute of Higher Education, Bojnourd, Iran
AUTHOR
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Robust Principal Component Analysis and Fractal Methods to Delineate Mineralization-Related Hydrothermally-Altered Zones from ASTER Data: A Case Study of Dehaj Terrain, Central Iran
The Dehaj area, located in the southern part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt, is a well-endowed terrain hosting a number of world-class porphyry copper deposits. These deposits are all hosted in an acidic to intermediate volcano-plutonic sequence greatly affected by various types of the hydrothermal alterations, whether argillic, phyllic or propylitic. Although there are a handful of hitherto-discovered porphyry copper deposits in the area, the geological setting of the area suggests the possibility of finding further deposits. The recognition and delineation of the hydrothermal alterations can pave the way for the discovery of further potential zones that possibly host the porphyry copper deposits. The current work proposes a hybrid methodology applied to the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery by combining the application of dimension reduction and fractal techniques to delineate the hydrothermally-altered zones In order to reduce the dimensionality of multi-band ASTER data, Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) was employed to elicit the traces of hydrothermally-related mineral assemblages including illite, sericite, quartz, kaolinite, epidote, and chlorite. Highlighting the existence of the aforementioned minerals, the extracted components require interpretation, i.e. a boundary is required to constraint the hydrothermally affected zones from the rest of the geological units. In order to tackle such a challenge, the authors introduce the concept of value-pixel fractal technique for the extracted principal components. The Prediction-Area (P-A) plot is used for the validation, which shows that the identified alterations correlate with the mineralization. The results obtained are verified by a geological survey, where a number of samples are collected from the delineated zones. The samples are analyzed by the XRD techniques, finding that this work is successful in classifying the hydrothermally-altered zones.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1901_5f59bb53547cd1ea8a214d0efa8c2f41.pdf
2020-10-01
1023
1037
10.22044/jme.2020.9619.1876
Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA)
Value–Pixel fractal model
Hydrothermal Alteration
Porphyry copper
N.
Habibkhah
n.habibkhah@aut.ac.ir
1
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Hassani
hhassani@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Maghsoudi
a.maghsoudi@aut.ac.ir
3
Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Honarmand
mehonarmand167@yahoo.com
4
Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
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1
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2
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3
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4
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58
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69
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
First Finding of Satin Spar Gemstone in Iran, Folded Zagros Zone, Fars Region
The gypsum mineralization occurred in the form of Satin Spar and Selenite in the south and southwest of the Fars province in the folded Zagros zone. In this region, Satin Spar mineralization has been formed as stratiform between the red marl and siltstone units of Late Miocene–Pliocene in Agha Jari, Bakhtiari, and the Gachsaran formations. The reserves of Satin Spar in this area are at least 200,000 tons. Satin Spar due to its chatoyancy, has been able to distinguish itself from gypsum. This beautiful light phenomenon (chatoyancy) results from the regular and parallel arrangement of the Satin Spar fibers. The mineral was first identified by its physical properties, and then by the X-ray diffraction analysis. They were also examined by scanning electron microscopy for its structure and also the structure of fiber crystals and their optical properties. In order to examine the polishing condition of Satin Spar, several samples of this gemstone were also selected for fantasy and Cabochon cut. For the first time in Iran, the exploration of Satin Spar gemstone in the Fars region can be a model for its discovery in the other evaporative formations in the country.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1908_360770d5a3d48f690221d22cb2646113.pdf
2020-10-01
1039
1046
10.22044/jme.2020.9644.1877
Satin Spar
Chatoyancy
Gemstone
Zagros Zone
Iran
A.
Zolfaghari
zolfaghari.geo@gmail.com
1
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Barzegar
geo.barzegar@gmail.com
2
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Amini
mohammad-amini720@yahoo.com
3
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Physical modelling of caving propagation process and damage profile ahead of the cave-back
The cavability assessment of rock mass cavability and indicating the damage profile ahead of a cave-back is of great importance in the evaluation of a caving mine operation, which can influence all aspects of the mine operation. Due to the lack of access to the caved zones, our current knowledge about the damage profile in caved zones is very limited. Among the different approaches available, physical modelling can provide a useful tool for assessment of the cave propagation and understanding the cave-back mechanism. Despite the general belief of the continuous damage profile ahead of a cave, the recent studies have shown a different mechanism of banding fracture. In order to investigate the caving mechanism ahead of a cave, a base friction apparatus is designed in this work. The base friction powder is used as the modelling material for physical testing, where its strength properties is significantly dependent on its unit weight. The effects of the material’s unit weight and the undercutting process on the cavability and cave-back height are studied. The experimental results undertaken in this research work clearly confirm the banding fracture mechanism in the caved zone, rather than continuous yielding. The effect of the undercutting sequence on the cave-back height is investigated through three different scenarios of symmetric undercutting with a gradual increase in span, symmetric undercutting with a sudden increase in span, and asymmetric undercutting. The results obtained show that the ground deformation is significantly dependent on the undercutting sequence, where choosing a greater undercutting span results in a faster cave propagation and smaller accessible undercut spans.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1885_fcb371707a99fdd67a01707a16661114.pdf
2020-10-01
1047
1058
10.22044/jme.2020.9845.1908
Physical modelling
Cave mining
Cavability assessment
Banding fracture
Damage profile
V.
Heydarnoori
heydar_noori@ut.ac.ir
1
School of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. H.
Khosravi
mh.khosravi@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Bahaaddini
m_bahaaddini@uk.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
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55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Probabilistic Clustering Algorithms to Determine Mineralization Areas in Regional-Scale Exploration Studies
In this work, we aim to identify the mineralization areas for the next exploration phases. Thus, the probabilistic clustering algorithms due to the use of appropriate measures, the possibility of working with datasets with missing values, and the lack of trapping in local optimal are used to determine the multi-element geochemical anomalies. Four probabilistic clustering algorithms, namely PHC, PCMC, PEMC, PDBSCAN, and 4138 stream sediment samplings, are used to divide the samples into the three clusters of background, possible anomaly, and probable anomaly populations. In order to determine these anomalies, ten and eight metal elements are selected as the chalcophile and siderophile elements, respectively. The results obtained show the areas of approximately 500 and 5,000 km2 as the areas of the probable and possible anomalies, respectively. The composite geochemical anomalies of the chalcophile and siderophile elements are mostly dominant in the metamorphic-acidic-intermediate rock units and the alkaline-metamorphic-intermediate rock units of the studied area, respectively. Besides, the obtained anomalies of the four clustering algorithms also cover about 65% of the mineralized areas, all mines, and almost 60% of the alteration areas. The validity criterion of the clustering methods show more than 70% validity for the obtained anomalies. The results obtained indicate that the probabilistic clustering algorithms can be an appropriate statistical tool in the regional-scale geochemical explorations.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1894_763b294c99b3a9af64a6b74b42050d3e.pdf
2020-10-01
1059
1078
10.22044/jme.2020.9867.1910
Probabilistic clustering algorithms
Composite geochemical anomaly
Geochemical potential mapping
Hydrothermal alterations
Deh-Salm quadrangle
H.
Geranian
h.geranian@birjandut.ac.ir
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Z.
Khajeh Miry
zahra_khajemiri@yahoo.com
2
Industry, Mine & Trade Organization of South Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran
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64
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental Studies, Response Surface Methodology and Molecular Modeling for Optimization and Mechanism Analysis of Methylene Blue Dye Removal by Different Clays
In this work, three types of natural clays including kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite with different molecular structures, as adsorbents, are selected for the removal of methylene blue dye, and their performance is investigated. Also the optimization and the analysis of the dye adsorption mechanism are performed using the response surface methodology, molecular modeling, and experimental studies. The response surface optimization results demonstrate that the parameters affecting on the dye adsorption process are somewhat similar in all the three types of clays, and any difference in the impacts of the different parameters involved depends on the different structures of these three types of clays. The results of the experimental studies show that all the three clays follow the Temkin isotherm, and the comparison of the clay adsorption capacity is illite (3.28) > kaolinite (4.15) > montmorillonite (4.5) L/g. On the other hand, the results obtained from the laboratory studies and the response surface optimization were obtained using molecular modeling with the Gaussian and Chem-Office softwares. The results of these achievements confirm that the number of acceptor hydrogen bonds around the clays influence the adsorption capacity of methylene blue. Based on the results obtained, most adsorption capacities of clays are related to illite > kaolinite > montmorillonite that have 24, 18, and 16 acceptor hydrogens, respectively. The assessment of the adsorption mechanism process by the different methods confirms the dominance of the physical adsorption process and a minor effect of the chemical adsorption.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1887_3dff310519ac4f63ff60c04d37fc4703.pdf
2020-10-01
1079
1093
10.22044/jme.2020.9916.1919
Adsorption
Methylene Blue
Response Surface
Molecular Modeling
K.
Seifpanahi Shabani
q.s11063@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Abedi-Orang
bab.oorang@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]. Mancosu, N., Snyder, R.L., Kyriakakis, G. and Spano, D., 2015. Water scarcity and future challenges for food production. Water. 7 (3): pp.975-992.
1
[2]. Lazaratou, C.V., Vayenas, D.V. and Papoulis, D. (2020). The role of clays, clay minerals and clay-based materials for nitrate removal from water systems: A review. Applied Clay Science, 185, p.105377.
2
[3]. Wang, R.C., Fan, K.S. and Chang, J.S., 2009. Removal of acid dye by ZnFe2O4/TiO2-immobilized granular activated carbon under visible light irradiation in a recycle liquid–solid fluidized bed. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 40 (5): pp.533-540.
3
[4]. Chen, H., Luo, H., Lan, Y., Dong, T., Hu, B. and Wang, Y. (2011). Removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30) modified nanoscale zero valent iron. Journal of hazardous materials. 192 (1): pp.44-53.
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[5]. Xia, L., Zhou, S., Zhang, C., Fu, Z., Wang, A., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Wang, X. and Xu, W. (2020). Environment-friendly Juncus effusus-based adsorbent with a three-dimensional network structure for highly efficient removal of dyes from wastewater. Journal of Cleaner Production, p.120812.
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[6]. Dutta, A.K., Maji, S.K. and Adhikary, B. (2014). γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: An easily recoverable effective photo-catalyst for the degradation of rose bengal and methylene blue dyes in the waste-water treatment plant. Materials Research Bulletin, 49, pp.28-34.
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[7]. Arfi, R.B., Karoui, S., Mougin, K. and Ghorbal, A. (2017). Adsorptive removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution by utilizing almond shell as bioadsorbent. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration. 2 (1): p.20.
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[8]. Hou, Y., Yan, S., Huang, G., Yang, Q., Huang, S. and Cai, J. (2020). Fabrication of N-doped carbons from waste bamboo shoot shell with high removal efficiency of organic dyes from water. Bioresource Technology. 303: p.122939.
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[9]. Kurmarayuni, C.M., Kurapati, S., Akhil, S., Chandu, B., Khandapu, B.M.K., Koya, P.R. and Bollikolla, H.B. (2020). Synthesis of multifunctional graphene exhibiting excellent sonochemical dye removal activity, green and regioselective reduction of cinnamaldehyde. Materials Letters. 263: p.127224.
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[10]. Gupta, V.K., Carrott, P.J.M., Ribeiro Carrott, M.M.L. and Suhas. (2009). Low-cost adsorbents: growing approach to wastewater treatment a review. Critical reviews in environmental science and technology. 39 (10): pp.783-842.
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[11]. Seow, W.Y. and Hauser, C.A., 2016. Freeze–dried agarose gels: A cheap, simple and recyclable adsorbent for the purification of methylene blue from industrial wastewater. Journal of environmental chemical engineering. 4 (2): pp.1714-1721.
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[12]. Januário, Eduarda Freitas Diogo, Natália de Camargo Lima Beluci, Taynara Basso Vidovix, Marcelo Fernandes Vieira, Rosângela Bergamasco, and Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo Vieira. (2020). 'Functionalization of membrane surface by layer-by-layer self-assembly method for dyes removal', Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 134: 140-48.
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[13]. Siboni, M.S., Samarghandi, M., Yang, J.K. and Lee, S.M. (2011). Photocatalytic removal of reactive black-5 dye from aqueous solution by UV irradiation in aqueous TiO2: equilibrium and kinetics study. J. Adv. Oxid. Technol, 14, pp.302-307.
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[14]. Abbasi, M. and Asl, N.R. (2008). Sonochemical degradation of Basic Blue 41 dye assisted by nanoTiO2 and H2O2. Journal of hazardous materials. 153 (3): pp.942-947.
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[15]. Ouni, H. and Dhahbi, M. (2010). Removal of dyes from wastewater using polyelectrolyte enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF). Desalination and Water Treatment: 22 (1-3): pp.355-362.
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[16]. Clematis, D., Cerisola, G. and Panizza, M. (2017). Electrochemical oxidation of a synthetic dye using a BDD anode with a solid polymer electrolyte. Electrochemistry Communications, 75, pp.21-24.
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[17]. García-Montaño, J., Pérez-Estrada, L., Oller, I., Maldonado, M.I., Torrades, F. and Peral, J., 2008. Pilot plant scale reactive dyes degradation by solar photo-Fenton and biological processes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 195 (2-3): pp.205-214.
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[18]. Sahinkaya, E., Sahin, A., Yurtsever, A. and Kitis, M., 2018. Concentrate minimization and water recovery enhancement using pellet precipitator in a reverse osmosis process treating textile wastewater. Journal of environmental management, 222, pp.420-427.
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[19]. Srinivasan, A. and Viraraghavan, T. (2010). Decolorization of dye wastewaters by biosorbents: a review. Journal of environmental management. 91 (10): pp.1915-1929.
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[20]. Li, R., Wang, J.J., Zhou, B., Awasthi, M.K., Ali, A., Zhang, Z., Gaston, L.A., Lahori, A.H. and Mahar, A., 2016. Enhancing phosphate adsorption by Mg/Al layered double hydroxide functionalized biochar with different Mg/Al ratios. Science of the Total Environment. 559: pp.121-129.
20
[21]. Anastopoulos, Ioannis, Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Jie Fu, Athanasios C Mitropoulos, and George Z Kyzas. (2018). 'Use of nanoparticles for dye adsorption', Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 39: 836-47.
21
[22]. Rai, P., Gautam, R.K., Banerjee, S., Rawat, V. and Chattopadhyaya, M.C. (2015). Synthesis and characterization of a novel activated carbon magnetic nanocomposite and its effectiveness in the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 3 (4): pp.2281-2291.
22
[23]. Rahman, M.A., Amin, S.R. and Alam, A.S. (2012). Removal of methylene blue from waste water using activated carbon prepared from rice husk. Dhaka University Journal of Science. 60 (2): pp.185-189.
23
[24]. Omer, O.S., Hussein, M.A., Hussein, B.H. and Mgaidi, A., 2018. Adsorption thermodynamics of cationic dyes (methylene blue and crystal violet) to a natural clay mineral from aqueous solution between 293.15 and 323.15 K. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 11 (5): pp.615-623.
24
[25]. Ayawei, Nimibofa, Augustus Newton Ebelegi, and Donbebe Wankasi. (2017). 'Modelling and interpretation of adsorption isotherms', Journal of Chemistry, 2017.
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[26]. Bandar, S., Anbia, M. and Salehi, S., Comparison of MnO2 modified and unmodified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle adsorbents and their potential to remove iron and manganese from aqueous media. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 851, p.156822.
26
[27]. Al-Ghouti, M.A., Li, J., Salamh, Y., Al-Laqtah, N., Walker, G. and Ahmad, M.N. (2010). Adsorption mechanisms of removing heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solution using date pits solid adsorbent. Journal of hazardous materials. 176 (1-3): pp.510-520.
27
[28]. Shabani, K.S., Ardejani, F.D., Badii, K. and Olya, M.E. (2017). Preparation and characterization of novel nano-mineral for the removal of several heavy metals from aqueous solution: Batch and continuous systems. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, pp.S3108-S3127.
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[29]. Ko, D.C., Porter, J.F. and McKay, G. (2001). Film-pore diffusion model for the fixed-bed sorption of copper and cadmium ions onto bone char. Water research. 35 (16): pp.3876-3886.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Numerical Investigation of TBM Disc Cutter Life Prediction in Hard Rocks
There is a direct relationship between the efficiency of mechanized excavation in hard rocks and that of disc cutters. Disc cutter wear is an important effective factor involved in the functionality of tunnel boring machines. Replacement of disc cutters is a time-consuming and costly activity that can significantly reduce the TBM utilization and advance rate, and has a major effect on the total time and cost of the tunneling projects. When these machines bore through hard rocks, the cutter wear considerably affects the excavation process. To evaluate the performance of the cutters, first, it is essential to figure out how they operate the rock cutting mechanism; secondly, it is important to identify the key factors that cause the wear. In this work, we attempt to introduce a comprehensive numerical method for estimation of disc cutter wear. The field data including the actual cutter wear more than 1000 pieces and the geological parameters along the Kani-Sib transmission tunnel in the northwest of Iran are compiled in a special database that is subjected to a statistical analysis in order to reveal the genuine wear rule. The results obtained from the numerical method indicate that with an increase in the wear of disk cutter up to 25 mm, the applied normal and rolling forces can be multiplied by 2.9 and 2.7, respectively, and by passing the critical wear, the disk cutters lose their optimal performance. This method also shows that confining pressure will increase the wear of the disc cutter. By the proposed formulation, the cutter consumption rate can be predicted with a high accuracy.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1881_29024cbca4d55b2e6070dddeef021ba4.pdf
2020-10-01
1095
1113
10.22044/jme.2020.9933.1922
Tunneling Boring Machine
Disc cutter wear
prediction model
Cutting force
Numerical Modeling
M.
Zahiri
mazahiry@yahoo.com
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
K.
Goshtasbi
goshtasb@modares.ac.ir
2
Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
J.
Khademi Hamidi
jafarkhademi@modares.ac.ir
3
Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
K.
Ahangari
ahangari@srbiau.ac.ir
4
Department of Mining Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]. Bruland, A. (2000). Hard rock tunnel boring, Fakultet for ingeniørvitenskap og teknologi.
1
[2]. Rostami, J. (1997). Development of a force estimation model for rock fragmentation with disc cutters through theoretical modeling and physical measurement of crushed zone pressure, in, Colorado School of Mines Golden.
2
[3]. Hassanpour, J., Rostami, J. and Zhao, J. (2011). A new hard rock TBM performance prediction model for project planning, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 26 595-603, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tust.2011.04.004.
3
[4]. Maeda, M. and Kushiyama, K. (2005). Use of compact shield tunneling method in urban underground construction, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 20 159-166, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tust.2003.11.008.
4
[5]. Roby, J., Sandell, T., Kocab, J. and Lindbergh, L. (2008). The current state of disc cutter design and development directions, in proceeding of 2008 North American Tunneling Conference, SME C, Citeseer, pp. 36-45.
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[6]. Tóth, Á., Gong, Q. and Zhao, J. (2013). Case studies of TBM tunneling performance in rock–soil interface mixed ground, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 38 140-150, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tust.2013.06.001.
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[7]. SU, P.c., WANG, W.s., HUO, J.z. and LI, Z. (2010). Optimal Layout Design of Cutters on Tunnel Boring Machine [J], Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 6 877-881.
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[8]. Wan, Z., Sha, M. and Zhou, Y. (2002). Study on disc cutters for hard rock (1)-application of TB880E TBM in Qinling tunnel, Modern tunn Technol, 39 1-11, doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2002.05.001.
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[9]. Schneider, E., Thuro, K. and Galler, R. (2012). Forecasting penetration and wear for TBM drives in hard rock–Results from the ABROCK research project, Geomechanics and Tunnelling, 5 537-546, doi: 10.1002/geot.201200040.
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[10]. Plinninger, R.J. (2010). Hardrock abrasivity investigation using the Rock Abrasivity Index (RAI), Williams, et al. (Eds.), Geologically Active, Taylor & Francis, London, 34453452.
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[12]. Hassanpour, J., Rostami, J., Tarigh Azali, S. and Zhao, J. (2014). Introduction of an empirical TBM cutter wear prediction model for pyroclastic and mafic igneous rocks; a case history of Karaj water conveyance tunnel, Iran, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 43 222-231.
12
[13]. Liu, Q., Liu, J., Pan, Y., Zhang, X., Peng, X., Gong, Q. and Du, L. (2017). A Wear Rule and Cutter Life Prediction Model of a 20-in. TBM Cutter for Granite: A Case Study of a Water Conveyance Tunnel in China, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 50 1303-1320, doi: 10.1007/s00603-017-1176-4.
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[14]. Frenzel, C., Käsling, H. and Thuro, K. (2008). Factors Influencing Disc Cutter Wear, Geomechanics and Tunnelling, 1 55-60, doi: 10.1002/geot.200800006.
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[15]. Yang, H., Wang, H. and Zhou, X. (2016). Analysis on the Rock–Cutter Interaction Mechanism During the TBM Tunneling Process, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49 1073-1090, doi: 10.1007/s00603-015-0796-9.
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[16]. Park, G.I., Jang, S.H., Choe, S.U. and Jeon, S.W. (2006). Prediction of the optimum cutting condition of TBM disc cutter in Korean granite by the linear cutting test, in: Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics conference, Korean Society for Rock Mechanics.
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[17]. Gong, Q.M., Jiao, Y.Y. and Zhao, J. (2006). Numerical modelling of the effects of joint spacing on rock fragmentation by TBM cutters, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 21 46-55, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.06.004.
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[18]. Gong, Q.M., Zhao, J. and Hefny, A.M. (2006). Numerical simulation of rock fragmentation process induced by two TBM cutters and cutter spacing optimization, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 21 263, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tust.2005.12.124.
18
[19]. Gong, Q.-M., Zhao, J. and Jiao, Y.Y. (2005). Numerical modeling of the effects of joint orientation on rock fragmentation by TBM cutters, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 20 183-191, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2004.08.006.
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[20]. Eftekhari, M., Baghbanan, A. and Bagherpour, R. (2014). The effect of fracture patterns on penetration rate of TBM in fractured rock mass using probabilistic numerical approach, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 7 5321-5331, doi: 10.1007/s12517-013-1070-7.
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[21]. Li, X.F., Li, H.B., Liu, Y.Q., Zhou, Q.C. and Xia, X. (2016). Numerical simulation of rock fragmentation mechanisms subject to wedge penetration for TBMs, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 53 96-108, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.12.010.
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[22]. Su, O. and Ali Akcin, N. (2011). Numerical simulation of rock cutting using the discrete element method, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 48 434-442, doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.08.012
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[47]. Cho, J.W., Jeon, S., Jeong, H.Y. and Chang, S.H. (2013). Evaluation of cutting efficiency during TBM disc cutter excavation within a Korean granitic rock using linear-cutting-machine testing and photogrammetric measurement, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 35 37-54, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tust.2012.08.006.
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Design of An Intelligent Model for Strategic Planning in Mineral Holding: Case study, Shahab-Sang Holding
Business logic is one of the most important logics based on the decision matrix. However, using this logic alone and environmental uncertainty leads to problems such as low accuracy and integrity in strategic planning. In this work, we use an intelligent model based on the neural-fuzzy approach aiming at a desired decision-making and reducing the uncertainty in the strategic planning in mineral holdings. Here, the strategies are presented based on three logics, namely business, added value, and capital market. After extracting the primary indices, the final indices of the three logics are selected by consulting with the mineral holding experts. Modelling of the indices is accomplished by the Matlab software, and the model computation is done by the root mean square error for the test data and train data. The case study (Shahab-sang holding) findings show that by a combination of these three logics, the proposed strategies include more integration and accuracy, which lead to a lower uncertainty and more speed in the strategy formulation. Also the test result indicates the validity of all the extracted strategies.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1903_d279887745d7c8faf850ca6763855c32.pdf
2020-10-01
1115
1126
10.22044/jme.2020.9983.1931
Intelligent model
strategic planning
mineral holding
decision matrix
fuzzy-neural
A.
Shokry
shokry222260@gmail.com
1
Department of Industrial Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Z.
Ghazizadeh
sz.ghazi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Industrial Engineering, Imam Hussein University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sh.
Piroozfar
piroozfar@azad.ac.ir
3
Department of Industrial Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Tohidi
htohidi42@gmail.com
4
Department of Industrial Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]. Du, J., Bai, T. and Chen, S. (2019). Integrating corporate social and corporate political strategies: Performance implications and institutional contingencies in China. Journal of Business Research. 98: pp.299-316.
1
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23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prediction of Acid Mine Drainage Generation Potential of A Copper Mine Tailings Using Gene Expression Programming-A Case Study
This work presents a quantitative predicting likely acid mine drainage (AMD) generation process throughout tailing particles resulting from the Sarcheshmeh copper mine in the south of Iran. Indeed, four predictive relationships for the remaining pyrite fraction, remaining chalcopyrite fraction, sulfate concentration, and pH have been suggested by applying the gene expression programming (GEP) algorithms. For this, after gathering an appropriate database, some of the most significant parameters such as the tailing particle depths, initial remaining pyrite and chalcopyrite fractions, and concentrations of bicarbonate, nitrite, nitrate, and chloride are considered as the input data. Then 30% of the data is chosen as the training data randomly, while the validation data is included in 70% of the dataset. Subsequently, the relationships are proposed using GEP. The high values of correlation coefficients (0.92, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.89) as well as the low values of RMS errors (0.140, 0.014, 150.301, and 0.543) for the remaining pyrite fraction, remaining chalcopyrite fraction, sulfate concentration, and pH prove that these relationships can be successfully validated. The results obtained also reveal that GEP can be applied as a new-fangled method in order to predict the AMD generation process.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1892_127ca187f9ea4e0f5f44810e52802e30.pdf
2020-10-01
1127
1140
10.22044/jme.2020.10031.1938
Acid Mine Drainage
copper tailing
pyrite
Chalcopyrite
Gene expression programming
B.
Jodeiri Shokri
b.jodeiri@hut.ac.ir
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Dehghani
dehghani@hut.ac.ir
2
Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Shamsi
reza.shamsi@hut.stu.ac.ir
3
Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Doulati Ardejani
fdoulati@ut.ac.ir
4
School of Mining, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]. Blowes, DW., Ptacek, CJ., Jambor, JL., Weisener, CG., Paktunc, D., Gould, WD. and Johnson, DB. (2003). The geochemistry of acid mine drainage. 10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00905-0
1
[2]. Buckley, AN. and Woods, RW. (1987). The surface oxidation of pyrite. Applied Surface Science, 27: 437–452.
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[3]. Brown, AD. and Jurinak, JJ. (1989). Pyrite oxidation in aqueous mixtures. Journal of Environmental Quality 18: 545–550.
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[4]. Wiersma, CL. and Rimstidt, JD. (1984). Rates of reaction of pyrite and marcasite with ferric iron at pH 2. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48: 85–92.
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[5]. Sasaki, K., Tsunekawa, M., Ohtsuka, T. and Konno, H. (1995). Confirmation of a sulfur-rich layer on pyrite after oxidative dissolution by Fe(III) ions around pH 2. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59: 3155–3158.
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[6]. Rimstidt, JD., Chermak, JA. and Gagen, PM., (1994). Rates of reaction of galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite. In: Alpers CN and Blowes DW (eds.) Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Oxidation, vol. 550, pp. 2–13. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.
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[7]. Ferguson K.D. and Erickson P.M., (1988). Pre-Mine Prediction of Acid Mine Drainage. In: Salomons W., Förstner U. (eds) Environmental Management of Solid Waste. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
7
[8]. Rooki, R., Doulati Ardejani, F., Aryafar, A. and Asadi, AB. (2011). Prediction of heavy metals in acid mine drainage using artificial neural network from the Shur River of the Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper mine, Southeast Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences. 64 (5): 1303-1316.
8
[9] Aryafar, A., Gholami, R., Rooki, R. and Doulati Ardejani, F. (2012). Heavy metal pollution assessment using support vector machine in the Shur River, Sarcheshmeh copper mine, Iran. Environmental Earth sciences, 67(4): 1191-1199.
9
[10]. Doulati Ardejani, F., Rooki, R., Jodieri Shokri, B., Eslam Kish, T., Aryafar, A. and Tourani, P. (2012). Prediction of rare earth elements in neutral alkaline mine drainage from Razi coal mine, Golestan Province, northeast Iran, using general regression neural network. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 139 (6): 896-907.
10
[11]. Sadeghiamirshahidi, M. and Doulati Ardejani, F., (2013). Application of artificial neural networks to predict pyrite oxidation in a coal washing refuse pile. Fuel, 104: 163-169.
11
[12] Bouzahzah, H., Benzaazoua, M. and Bussiere, B. (2014). Prediction of Acid Mine Drainage: Importance of Mineralogy and the Test Protocols for Static and Kinetic Tests. Mine Water and the Environment 33: 54–65.
12
[13]. Jodeiri Shokri, B., Ramazi, H., Doulati Ardejani, F. and Sadeghiamirshahidi, M. (2014). Prediction of pyrite oxidation in a coal washing waste pile applying artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). Mine Water and the Environment. 33 (2): 146-156.
13
[14]. Jodeiri Shokri, B., Ramazi, H., Doulati Ardejani, F. and Moradzadeh, A. (2014). A statistical model to relate pyrite oxidation and oxygen transport within a coal waste pile: case study, Alborz Sharghi, northeast of Iran. Environmental Earth sciences. 71 (11): 4693-4702.
14
[15]. Bahrami, S. and Doulati Ardejani, F. (2016). Prediction of pyrite oxidation in a coal washing waste pile using a hybrid method, coupling artificial neural networks and simulated annealing (ANN/SA). Journal of Cleaner Production, 137: 1129-1137.
15
[16]. Dold, Bernhard. (2017). Acid rock drainage prediction: A critical review. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 172: 120-132.
16
[17]. Balci, N. and Demirel, C. (2018). Prediction of acid mine drainage (AMD) and metal release sources at the Küre Copper Mine Site, Kastamonu, NW Turkey. Mine Water and the Environment. 37 (1): 56-74.
17
[18]. Hadadi, F., Jodeiri Shokri, B, Zare Naghadehi, M., Doulati Ardejani, F., (2020). Probabilistic prediction of acid mine drainage generation risk based on pyrite oxidation process in coal washery rejects-A Case Study. Journal of Mining and Environment. 10.22044/jme.2020.9609.1873
18
[19]. Sebogodi, KR., Johakimu, JK., B. and Sithole, B. (2020). Beneficiation of pulp mill waste green liquor dregs: Applications in treatment of acid mine drainage as new disposal solution in South Africa. Journal of Cleaner Production 246: 118979.
19
[20]. Luis, P, Beltran, L., Scharwz, A., Cristina Ruiz, M. and Borquez, R. (2020). Optimization of nanofiltration for treatment of acid mine drainage and copper recovery by solvent extraction. Hydrometallurgy, 195: 105361
20
[21]. Zhou, Y., Zhou, W., Lu, X., Jiskani, IM., Cai, Q., Liu, P. and Li, L. (2020). Evaluation Index System of Green Surface Mining in China. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 37: 1093–1103.
21
[22]. Chen, J., Jiskani IM., Jinliang, C. and Yan H. (2020). Evaluation and future framework of green mine construction in China based on the DPSIR model. Sustainable Environment Research. 30 (1): 1-10.
22
[23]. Behnia, D. and Shahriar, K. (2015). Prediction of Tunnelling-induced Settlement Using Gene Expression Programming. American Rock Mechanics Association. 49th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, 28 June-1 July, San Francisco, California.
23
[24]. Johari, A., Hooshm and Nejad, A. (2015). Prediction of soil-water characteristic curve using gene expression programming. IJST, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 39, 143-165.
24
[25]. Shirani Faradonbeh, R., Hasanipanah, M., Amnieh, H.B., Armaghani, D.J. and Monjezi, M. (2018). Development of GP and GEP models to estimate an environmental issue induced by blasting operation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessments, 190,351.
25
[26]. Thneibat, M. and Tarawneh, B. (2019). Genetic expression programming model for selecting the appropriate ground improvement technique. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 14 (20): 3469-3480.
26
[27]. Hajihassani, M., Abdullah, S.S., Asteris, P.G. and Armaghani, D.J. (2019) A Gene Expression Programming Model for Predicting Tunnel Convergence. Appl. Sci, 9, 4650.
27
[28]. Jannesar Malakooti, S., Shafaei Tonkaboni., SZ. Noaparast, M., Doulati Ardejani, F. and Naseh, R. (2014) Characterization of the Sarcheshmeh copper mine tailings, Kerman province, southeast of Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences., 71: 2267-2291.
28
[29]. Ferreira, C. (2001). Gene expression programming: a new adaptive algorithm for solving problems. arXiv preprint cs/0102027.
29
[30]. Ferreira, C. (2006). Gene expression programming: mathematical modelling by an artificial intelligence (Vol. 21). pp. 55-56. Springer.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sensitivity Analysis of Stress and Cracking in Rock Mass Blasting using Numerical Modelling
Drilling and blasting have numerous applications in the civil and mining engineering. Due to the two major components of rock masses, namely the intact rock matrix and the discontinuities, their behavior is a complicated process to be analyzed. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of the geomechanical and geometrical parameters of rock and discontinuities on the rock mass blasting using the UDEC software. To this end, a 2D distinct element code (DEM) code is used to simulate the stress distribution around three blast holes in some points and propagation of the radial cracks caused by blasting. The critical parameters analyzed for this aim include the normal stiffness (JKN) and shear stiffness (JKS), spacing, angle and persistence of joint, shear and bulk modulus, density of rock, and borehole spacing. The results obtained show that the joint parameters and rock modulus have very significant effects, while the rock density has less a effect on the rock mass blasting. Also the stress level has a direct relationship with JKN, JKS, bulk modulus, and the shear modulus has an inverse relationship with the rock density. Moreover, the stress variation in terms of spacing and joint angle indicates sinusoidal and repetitive changes with the place of target point with respect to the blast hole and joint set. Also with a decrease in the JKN and JKS values, the radial cracked and plastic zones around a blast hole show more development. With increase in the joint persistence, the plastic zones decrease around a blast hole.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1883_a39aaa56d8bdfb27d7ad0bf41aa95271.pdf
2020-10-01
1141
1155
10.22044/jme.2020.10033.1939
Blasting
Distinct Element Method
Numerical Modelling
Discontinuity
rock mass
M.A.
Chamanzad
alichamanzad@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum & Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood university of technology, Shahrood, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Nikkhah
m.nikkhah@shahroodut.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum & Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood university of technology, Shahrood, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1]. Cai, J. G. and Zhao, J. (2000). Effects of multiple parallel fractures on apparent attenuation of stress waves in rock masses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 37 (4). 661-682.
1
[2]. Jimeno, E.L., Jimino, C.L. and Carcedo, A. (1995). Drilling and blasting of rocks. CRC Press.
2
[3]. Zhu, F., Dui, G. and Ren, Q. (2011). A continuum model of jointed rock masses based on micromechanics and its integration algorithm. Science China Technological Sciences. 54 (3). 581-590.
3
[4]. Zhang, Q. B. and Zhao, J. (2014). A review of dynamic experimental techniques and mechanical behaviour of rock materials. Rock mechanics and rock engineering. 47 (4). 1411-1478.
4
[5]. Norouzi Masir, R., Ataei, M. and Mottahedi, A. (2020). Risk assessment of flyrock in surface mines using FFTA-MCDMs combination. Journal of Mining and Environment.
5
[6]. Sharpe, J.A. (1942). The production of elastic waves by explosion pressures. I. Theory and empirical field observations. Geophysics. 7 (2). 144-154.
6
[7]. Konya, C.J. and Walter, E.J. (1991). Rock blasting and overbreak control (No. FHWA-HI-92-001; NHI-13211). United States. Federal Highway Administration.
7
[8]. Koopialipoor, M., Fallah, A., Armaghani, D.J., Azizi, A. and Mohamad, E.T. (2019). Three hybrid intelligent models in estimating flyrock distance resulting from blasting. Engineering with Computers. 35 (1). 243-256.
8
[9]. Cho, S.H., Nakamura, Y. and Kaneko, K. (2004). Dynamic fracture process analysis of rock subjected to stress wave and gas pressurization. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 41. 433-440.
9
[10]. R.L. Ash, “Mechanics of rock breakage; material properties, powder factor, blasting costs,” Pit Quarr. 1963), pp. 109–111, 1963.
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[11]. Drukovanyi, M.F., Komir, V.M., Myachina, N.I., Rodak, S.N. and Semenyuk, E.A. (1973). Effect of the charge diameter and type of explosive on the size of the overcrushing zone during an explosion. Soviet Mining. 9 (5). 500-506.
11
[12]. Vovk, A. A., Mikhalyuk, A. V. and Belinskii, I.V. (1973). Development of fracture zones in rocks during camouflet blasting. Soviet Mining. 9 (4). 383-387.
12
[13]. Szuladzinski, G. (1993). Response of rock medium to explosive borehole pressure. In International symposium on rock fragmentation by blasting (pp. 17-23).
13
[14]. Kanchibotla, S.S., Valery, W. and Morrell, S. (1999, November). Modelling fines in blast fragmentation and its impact on crushing and grinding. In Explo ‘99–A conference on rock breaking, The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Kalgoorlie, Australia (pp. 137-144).
14
[15]. Esen, S., Onederra, I. and Bilgin, H.A. (2003). Modelling the size of the crushed zone around a blasthole. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 40 (4). 485-495.
15
[16]. Iverson, S.R., Hustrulid, W.A., Johnson, J.C., Tesarik, D. and Akbarzadeh, Y. (2009, September). The extent of blast damage from a fully coupled explosive charge. In Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, Fragblast (Vol. 9, pp. 459-68).
16
[17]. Siamaki, A. and Bakhshandeh Amnieh, H. (2016). Numerical analysis of energy transmission through discontinuities and fillings in Kangir Dam. Journal of Mining and Environment. 7 (2). 251-259.
17
[18]. Ma, G.W. and An, X.M. (2008). Numerical simulation of blasting-induced rock fractures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 45 (6). 966-975.
18
[19]. Cundall, P.A. (1990). Numerical modelling of jointed and faulted rock. In International conference on mechanics of jointed and faulted rock (pp. 11-18).
19
[20]. Sharafisafa, M., Aliabadian, Z., Alizadeh, R. and Mortazavi, A. (2014). Distinct element modelling of fracture plan control in continuum and jointed rock mass in presplitting method of surface mining. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 24 (6). 871-881.
20
[21]. Kulatilake, P.H., Shreedharan, S., Sherizadeh, T., Shu, B., Xing, Y. and He, P. (2016). Laboratory estimation of rock joint stiffness and frictional parameters. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. 34 (6). 1723-1735.
21
[22]. Wang, Z.L. and Konietzky, H. (2009). Modelling of blast-induced fractures in jointed rock masses. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 76 (12). 1945-1955.
22
[23]. Wang, Z.L., Li, Y.C. and Wang, J.G. (2008). Numerical analysis of blast-induced wave propagation and spalling damage in a rock plate. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 45 (4). 600-608.
23
[24]. Wang, Z. L., Li, Y. C., & Shen, R. F. (2007). Numerical simulation of tensile damage and blast crater in brittle rock due to underground explosion. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 44 (5). 730-738.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Proposed Biochemical Protocol to Isolate and Characterize Acidophilic Bacteria from Tailings Soil
Indigenous acidophilic bacteria separated from mine-waste can be used in return for the addition of the reagents like sulfuric acid. Among the tailings bacteria, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans are of the most-studied ones for the bioleaching and bioremediation of elements. In this work, the isolation and characterization of the mentioned bacteria are studied by a proposed biochemical protocol. The sequential cultivation of the soil bacteria in a series of liquid media and solid cult
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1902_06fdd3e9f15762ea4f3210ccd311d5dc.pdf
1999-11-30
1157
1171
10.22044/jme.2020.10054.1942
Z.
Piervandi
zpiervandi@gmail.com
1
Mineral Processing Group, Department of Mining Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Khodadadi Darban
akdarban@modares.ac.ir
2
Mineral Processing Group, Department of Mining Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed M.
Mousavi
mousavi_m@modares.ac.ir
3
Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Abdollahi
minmabd@modares.ac.ir
4
Mineral Processing Group, Department of Mining Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Gh.R.
Asadollahfardi
fardi@khu.ac.ir
5
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
K.
Akbari Noghabi
kambizakb@yahoo.com
6
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]. Piervandi, Z., Khodadadi Darban, A., Mousavi, S.M., Abdollahy, M., Asadollahfardi, G., Funari, V., Dinelli, E., 2019. Minimization of metal sulfides bioleaching from mine wastes into the aquatic environment. Ecotox. Environ. Safe. 182, 109443.
1
[2]. Ledin, M., Pedersen, K., 1996. The environmental impact
2
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Delineation of Alteration Zones Based on Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) and Concentration–Volume (C-V) Fractal Methods in the Hypogene Zone of Porphyry Copper Deposit, Shahr-e-Babak District, SE Iran
In this paper, we aim to achieve two specific objectives. The first one is to examine the applicability of wavelet neural network (WNN) technique in ore grade estimation, which is based on integration between wavelet theory and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Different wavelets are applied as activation functions to estimate Cu grade of borehole data in the hypogene zone of porphyry ore deposit, Shahr-e-Babak district, SE Iran. WNN parameters such as dilation and translation are fixed and only the weights of the network are optimized during its learning process. The efficacy of this type of network in function learning and estimation is compared with Ordinary Kriging (OK). Secondly, we aim to delineate the potassic and phyllic alteration regions in the hypogene zone of Cu porphyry deposit based on the estimation obtained of WNN and OK methods, and utilize Concentration–Volume (C–V) fractal model. In this regard, at first C–V log–log plots are generated based on the results of OK and WNN. The plots then are used to determine the Cu threshold values of the alteration zones. To investigate the correlation between geological model and C-V fractal results, the log ratio matrix is applied. The results showed that, Cu values less than 1.1% from WNN have more overlapped voxels with phyllic alteration zone by overall accuracy (OA) of 0.74. Spatial correlation between the potassic alteration zones resulted from 3D geological modeling and high concentration zones in C-V fractal model showed that the alteration zone has Cu values between 1.1% and 2.2% with OA of 0.72 and finally have an appropriate overlap with Cu values greater than 2.2% with OA of 0.7. Generally, the results showed that the WNN (Morlet activation function) with OA greater than OK can be can be a suitable and robust tool for quantitative modeling of alteration zones, instead of qualitative methods.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1897_492e18bcb807e1e4b608ffbac456619e.pdf
2020-10-01
1173
1190
10.22044/jme.2020.10079.1944
Alteration
Ordinary Kriging
C-V fractal model
Wavelet Neural Network
Shahr-e-Babak
B.
Saljoughi
bashir.shokouh@gmail.com
1
Department of Mining and Metallurgy Engineering, Amirkabir University of technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Hezarkhani
ardehez@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Mining and Metallurgy Engineering, Amirkabir University of technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]. Lowell, J.D. and Guilbert, J.M. (1970). Lateral and vertical alteration-mineralization zoning in porphyry ore deposits. Economic Geology 65, 373-408.
1
[2]. Hezarkhani, A. and Williams-Jones, A.E. (1998). Controls of alteration and mineralization in the Sungun porphyry copper deposit, Iran; evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes. Economic Geology 93, 651-670.
2
[3]. Asghari, O., Hezarkhani, A. and Soltani, F. (2009). The comparison of alteration zones in the Sungun porphyry copper deposit, Iran (based on fluid inclusion studies). Acta Geologica Polonica 59, 93-109.
3
[4]. Soltani, F., Afzal, P. and Asghari, O. (2014). Delineation of alteration zones based on Sequential Gaussian Simulation and concentration–volume fractal modeling in the hypogene zone of Sungun copper deposit, NW Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 140, 64-76.
4
[5]. Schwartz, G.M. (1947). Hydrothermal alteration in the" porphyry copper" deposits. Economic Geology 42, 319-352.
5
[6]. Beane, R. (1982). Hydrothermal alteration in silicate rocks. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 117-137.
6
[7]. Roedder, E. (1971). Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado. Economic Geology 66, 98-118.
7
[8]. Nash, J.T. (1976). Fluid-inclusion petrology data from porphyry copper deposits and applications to exploration: a summary of new and published descriptions of fluid inclusions from 36 porphyry copper deposits and discussion of possible applications to exploration for copper deposits. US Govt. Print. Off.
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[9]. Sillitoe, R. 1997. Characteristics and controls of the largest porphyry copper‐gold and epithermal gold deposits in the circum‐Pacific region. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, 373-388.
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[10]. Ulrich, T., Günther, D. and Heinrich, C.A. (2002). The evolution of a porphyry Cu-Au deposit, based on LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusions: Bajo de la Alumbrera, Argentina. Economic Geology 97, 1889-1920.
10
[11]. Asghari, O. and Hezarkhani, A. (2008). Appling discriminant analysis to separate the alteration zones within the Sungun porphyry copper deposit. Journal of Applied Sciences 24, 4472-4486.
11
[12]. Berger, B.R., Ayuso, R.A., Wynn, J.C. and Seal, R.R. (2008). Preliminary model of porphyry copper deposits. US geological survey open-file report 1321, 55.
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[13]. Afzal, P., Alghalandis, Y.F., Moarefvand, P., Omran, N.R. and Haroni, H.A. (2012). Application of power-spectrum–volume fractal method for detecting hypogene, supergene enrichment, leached and barren zones in Kahang Cu porphyry deposit, Central Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 112, 131-138.
13
[14]. Afzal, P., Madani, N., Shahbeik, S. and Yasrebi, A.B. (2015). Multi-Gaussian kriging: a practice to enhance delineation of mineralized zones by Concentration–Volume fractal model in Dardevey iron ore deposit, SE Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 158, 10-21.
14
[15]. Emery, X. (2008). Uncertainty modeling and spatial prediction by multi-Gaussian kriging: accounting for an unknown mean value. Computers & Geosciences 34, 1431-1442.
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[16]. Chiles, J.-P. and Delfiner, P. (2009). Geostatistics: modeling spatial uncertainty. John Wiley & Sons.
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55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A New Semi-Quantitative Approach to Open-Pit Mine Sustainability Assessment
Sustainability assessment has received numerous attentions in the mining industry. Mining sustainability includes the environmental, economic, and social dimensions, and a sustainable development is achieved when all these dimensions improve in a balanced manner. Therefore, to measure the sustainability score of a mine, we require an approach that evaluates all these three dimensions of mining sustainability. Some frameworks have been developed to compute the sustainability score of mining activities; however, some of them are very complicated and the others do not cover all the environmental, economic, and social aspects of sustainability. In order to fill this gap, this work was designed to introduce a practical approach to determine the score of mining sustainability. In order to develop this approach, initially, 14 negative and positive influential macro factors in the sustainability of open-pit mines were identified. Then the important levels of the factors were estimated based on the comments and scores of some experts. Two checklists were constructed for the negative and positive factors. The sustainability score was computed using these checklists and the importance levels of the factors. The score range was between -100 and +100. In order to implement the proposed approach, the Angouran lead and zinc mine was selected. The sustainability score of the Angouran mine was +47.91, which indicated that the this mine had a sustainable condition. This score could increase through modification of some factors.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1899_2370c6848103ceebac79341db9757710.pdf
2020-10-01
1191
1203
10.22044/jme.2020.10177.1954
Sustainability Score
open pit mine
Sustainable Development
Macro Factors
E.
Pouresmaeili
e.esmaili87@gmail.com
1
Department of Mining and Geology, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Ebrahimabadi
arash.xer@gmail.com
2
Department of Mining and Geology, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Hamidian
hhamidian@yahoo.com
3
Department of Mining and Geology, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
AUTHOR
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[7]. Hansen, Y., Broadhurst, J.L. and Petrie, J.G. (2008). Modelling leachate generation and mobility from copper sulphide tailings–An integrated approach to impact assessment. Minerals Engineering. 21 (4): 288-301.
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[11]. Phillips, J. (2013). The application of a mathematical model of sustainability to the results of a semi-quantitative environmental impact assessment of two iron ore opencast mines in Iran. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(14-15): 7839-7854.
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[12]. Rahmanpour, M. and Osanloo, M. (2017). A decision support system for determination of a sustainable pit limit. Journal of cleaner production, 141, 1249-1258.
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[13]. Ebrahimabadi, A., Pouresmaieli, M., Afradi, A., Pouresmaeili, E. and Nouri, S. (2018). Comparing Two Methods of PROMETHEE and Fuzzy TOPSIS in Selecting the Best Plant Species for the Reclamation of Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution. 15 (2): 141-152.
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[14]. Pouresmaieli, M. and Osanloo, M. (2019, December). A Valuation Approach to Investigate the Sustainability of Sorkhe-Dizaj Iron Ore Mine of Iran. In International Symposium on Mine Planning & Equipment Selection (pp. 431-446). Springer, Cham.
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[15]. Pouresmaieli, M. and Osanloo, M. (2019, November). Establishing a Model to Reduce the Risk of Premature Mine Closure. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 362, No. 1, p. 012005). IOP Publishing.
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[16]. Antoniadis, V., Shaheen, S.M., Boersch, J., Frohne, T., Du Laing, G. and Rinklebe, J. (2017). Bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in garden edible vegetables and soils around a highly contaminated former mining area in Germany. Journal of environmental management, 186, 192-200.
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[17]. Birch, C. (2017). Optimization of cut-off grades considering grade uncertainty in narrow, tabular gold deposits. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 117 (2): 149-156.
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[18]. Goodfellow, R.C. and Dimitrakopoulos, R. (2016). Global optimization of open pit mining complexes with uncertainty. Applied Soft Computing. 40: 292-304.
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[24]. Martín-Crespo, T., Gómez-Ortiz, D., Martín-Velázquez, S., Martínez-Pagán, P., De Ignacio, C., Lillo, J. and Faz, Á. (2018). Geoenvironmental characterization of unstable abandoned mine tailings combining geophysical and geochemical methods (Cartagena-La Union district, Spain). Engineering Geology. 232: 135-146.
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[26]. Aznar-Sánchez, J.A., Velasco-Muñoz, J.F., Belmonte-Ureña, L.J. and Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2019). Innovation and technology for sustainable mining activity: A worldwide research assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 221: 38-54.
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[29]. Cheng, X., Danek, T., Drozdova, J., Huang, Q., Qi, W., Zou, L. and Xiang, Y. (2018). Soil heavy metal pollution and risk assessment associated with the Zn-Pb mining region in Yunnan, Southwest China. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 190 (4): 194.
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Accuracy of Discrete Element Method Simulations: Rolling and Sliding Frictions Effects-Case study: Iron Ore Pellets
The discrete element method (DEM) has been used as a popular simulation method in order to verify the designs by visualizing how materials flow through complex equipment geometries. Although DEM simulation is a powerful design tool, finding a DEM model that includes all real material properties is not computationally feasible. In order to obtain more realistic results, particle energy loss due to rolling friction has been highlighted by many researchers using various models to implement a reverse torque. On account of the complexity of the problem, there is no unique model for all applications (i.e. dynamic and pseudo-static regimes). In this research work, an in-house developed DEM software (KMPCDEM©) was used to assess the robustness of three models by comparing the repose angle obtained through the draw down test. The elastic–plastic spring dashpot model was then modified based on considering the individual parameters instead of the relative parameters of two contact entities. The results showed that the modified model could produce a higher repose angle. The modified model was used for the calibration of DEM input parameters in the simulation of repose angle of iron ore pellets in a laboratory setup of the draw down test. Comparison of the calibrated DEM simulation (using 0.0007 and 0.75 for the rolling and sliding friction coefficients, respectively) with the laboratory results showed a good agreement between the predicted and measured angle of repose. The non-calibrated DEM simulations are susceptible to error, and therefore, it is strongly recommended to use the laboratory experiments to characterize the materials before using the DEM simulation as a design tool of industrial equipment.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1904_5995b810279ec45474f8acfb1a04cad3.pdf
2020-10-01
1205
1216
10.22044/jme.2020.10208.1958
DEM
Contact parameters
Repose angle
Calibration
Iron ore pellets
E.
Nemattolahi
nemattolahi@kmpc.ir
1
Mining Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
A.R.
Ghasemi
ghasemi@kmpc.ir
2
Mining Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
E.
Razi
razi@kmpc.ir
3
Kashigar Mineral Processing Research Centre, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Banisi
banisi@uk.ac.ir
4
Mining Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Stability analysis of block-flexural toppling of rock blocks with round edges
One of the most conventional toppling instabilities is the block-flexural toppling failure that occurs in civil and mining engineering projects. In this kind of failure, some rock columns are broken due to tensile bending stresses, and the others are overturned due to their weights, and finally, all of the blocks topple together. A specific feature of spheroidal weathering is the rounding of the rock column edges. In the mode of flexural toppling failure, rounding of edges happens only at the upper corners of the block but in the block toppling failure mode, due to the presence of cross-joints at the base of the block, rounding of edges also occurs at the base of the block. In this work, a theoretical model is offered to block-flexural toppling failure regarding the erosion phenomenon. The suggested methodology is evaluated through a typical example and a case study. The results of this research work illustrate that in the stable slopes with rectangular prismatic blocks, where the safety factor value is close to one, the slope is subjected to failure due to erosion. Also the results obtained show that the recommended approach is conservative in analyzing the block-flexural toppling failure, and this approach can be applied to evaluate this failure.
https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_1906_c17943f2490484467356aa8ac0084c71.pdf
2020-10-01
1217
1229
10.22044/jme.2020.10128.1951
Rock Slope Stability
Spheroidal Weathering
Round Edges
Theoretical Solution
H.
Sarfaraz
sarfaraz@ut.ac.ir
1
School of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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