Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Grade Estimation Through the Gaussian Copulas: A Case Study 1 13 3191 10.22044/jme.2024.14287.2668 EN Babak Sohrabian Associate Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran Abdullah Erhan Tercan Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey Journal Article 2024 03 05 Mineral Resources have commonly been estimated through the kriging method that assigns weights to the samples based on variogram distance to the estimation point without considering their values.  More robust estimators such as spatial copulas are promising tools because they consider both distance and sample values in determining weights. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Gaussian copulas (GC) by estimating the copper grade values in the Sungun porphyry copper deposit located in Iran. Performance of the method was compared to ordinary kriging (OK) and indicator kriging (IK) by running the Jackknife test of cross-validation. The metrics used in measuring performance of the methods are global accuracy and precision of the distribution of the estimates, error statistics, and variability for globally accurate and precise estimates. The case study shows advantages of GC over OK and IK by producing globally accurate and precise estimates with acceptable error statistics and variability.  https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3191_a92c31d09a6cb4ee65a7dca1a7521df8.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Feasibility of Marble Processing Waste as Non-conventional Fill in Geotechnical Applications 15 38 3221 10.22044/jme.2024.14410.2710 EN Jagdish Lohar Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Neha Shrivastava Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Journal Article 2024 04 23 India is a leading producer and exporter of dimensional marble. The processing of marble into dimensional and finished forms involves sawing, grinding, and polishing, generating significant quantities of Marble Processing Waste (MPW). Efforts for bulk recycling of MPW from the rapidly expanding marble industry are essential due to significant environmental impacts, hindered by limited inclusion rates and complex processing requirements in current practices. Concurrently, the increased demand for geotechnical fill materials and the depletion of natural soils necessitates sustainable alternatives. Using MPW in geotechnical fills offers a viable solution, yet it lacks comprehensive characterization. The aim of this study is to evaluate MPW as a sustainable alternative to conventional geotechnical fill materials. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of MPW's physical, geotechnical, and electrochemical properties, along with its mineralogical, elemental, and chemical composition, was conducted. The findings show that MPW, being non-plastic and non-swelling with a grain size distribution and hydraulic conductivity similar to silty sands, can be used directly from disposal sites without further processing. Notably, MPW achieves a maximum dry density of 1.84 g/cm³ and exhibits internal friction angles of 36.5°, ensuring stability. Electrochemical analysis indicates low leachability risks, with pH levels of 8.1 and electrical resistivity of 6,200 ohm-cm. Scanning Electron Microscopy images reveal that MPW particles are irregular, with considerable angularity and surface roughness. These results position MPW as a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional fill materials, with the potential to significantly reduce the exploitation of natural resources and advance sustainable waste management practices. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3221_64fc29da0cf7ccd6ad4e8b0a31512ae8.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Geotechnical and Geochemical Analysis of Dichinama Marble in Northern Ethiopia: Quarrying Insights 39 56 3206 10.22044/jme.2024.14501.2724 EN Assefa Hailesilasie Wolearegay Department of Geology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences,. Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia Yowhas Birhanu Amare Department of Geology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences,. Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia Asmelash Abay Hagos School Earth Science,. Mekelle University, P.O box, 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia Kassa Amare Mesfin School Earth Science,. Mekelle University, P.O box, 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia Hagos Abraha Faculty of Mines, Aksum Institute of Technology,. Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia Bereket Gebresilassie Faculty of Mines, Aksum Institute of Technology, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia Nageswara Rao Cheepurupalli Faculty of Mines, Aksum Institute of Technology,. Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia Yewuhalashet Fissha Faculty of Mines, Aksum Institute of Technology,. Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia Department of Geosciences, Geotechnology and Materials Engineering for Resources, Graduate School of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, Akita 010-0852, Japan Journal Article 2024 05 09 The Dichinama area in northern Ethiopia is a potential source of dimension stone, but the quality of the marble has been a major challenge for mining operations. This research aims to evaluate the quality of dimension stone by conducting a comprehensive study involving geological mapping, geotechnical testing, and geochemical analysis. The study collected nine rock samples from three active mining sites in the Dichinama area, analyzing properties such as density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, and abrasion resistance. Additionally, ten samples were collected for geochemical analysis, focusing on parameters like calcite, CaO values, LOI, SiO₂ content, and other oxide concentrations. The geotechnical tests revealed that the properties of the marble in the Dichinama area were mainly calcite, with compressive strength values ranging from 29.6 to 74.5 MPa, flexural strength from 7 to 52.5 MPa, abrasion resistance from 8.3 to 17.2, density from 2257 to 2562 kg/m³, and water absorption from 0.12 to 0.93. However, most of these parameters fell below the minimum ASTM standards for marble dimension stone. The results suggest that these inferior characteristics negatively affect the recovery and quality of the dimension stone. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3206_2e67e9b07c2a4af873beaaca6b07ca56.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Slope Stability Assessment in Highway Embankments: A Comprehensive Study on Incorporating C&D Waste as Fill Material 57 73 3205 10.22044/jme.2024.14510.2728 EN Ajay Sharma Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017, India 0000-0002-9134-3185 Neha Shrivastava Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017, India Journal Article 2024 05 10 The present study aims to assess the utility of construction and demolition (C&D) waste, specifically recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and recycled brick aggregates (RBA), as fill materials in highway embankments. The assessment of slope stability is crucial in determining the suitability of any material for embankment fill. GeoStudio software is employed in this study for slope stability assessment of 12 models with LS, RCA, RBA, and their blends as embankment fill materials. The embankment configuration is designed to represent a six-lane highway (carriageway width = 13 m, adhering to IRC: 36 standards), featuring varying slope elevations (3 m, 6 m, and 9 m) and diverse horizontal to vertical slope ratios (H:V = 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The Morgenstern-Price method is employed to analyze slope stability and determine factor of safety (FOS) values. The study highlights the impact of slope heights, slope ratios, and fill materials (RCA, RBA, LS, and their blends) on FOS values in embankment models. Incorporating RCA or RBA in LS significantly boosts embankment FOS, exceeding stability expectations beyond 45˚ slope angles, potentially reducing costs and required area in construction projects. The incorporation of RCA/RBA into LS increases the FOS values to a range of 1.38 to 5.91, indicating very stable slopes for highway embankments. Based on the findings, replacing LS with RCA or RBA in embankment fill can enhance environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. However, these slope stability results apply specifically to C&D waste with similar composition, grain size, geotechnical properties, and embankment conditions. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3205_444b040288492916736a82b664fb35d3.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Chemical Index of Alteration and its Relation to Mechanical Properties of Hydrothermally Uranium-Mineralized Rocks in Gabal Gattar Area, Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt 75 96 3233 10.22044/jme.2024.14535.2737 EN Yehia Z. Darwish Nuclear Materials Authority of Egypt, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt Abdelrahem Khalefa Embaby Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Samir Selim Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Darwish El Kholy Nuclear Materials Authority of Egypt, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt Hani Sharafeldin Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Hussin Farag Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt 0000-0002-1303-8759 Journal Article 2024 05 16 The younger granites of Gabal Gattar area, Northern Eastern Desert of Egypt, host hydrothermal uranium mineralization at the northern segment of Gattar batholith and along its contacts with the oldest Hammamat sediments. The host rocks display many features of hydrothermal overprint results in changing their basic engineering characteristics as a function of variations of the degree of alteration. Progression from less altered to altered and mineralized rocks as the result of the alteration processes was assessed by the chemical index of alteration (CIA). The CIA numerical values were calculated by   the molecular proportion of Al to the cations Ca, Na, and K. The studied rocks were divided into five grades according to degree of alteration and strength properties including: fresh (AG-I), slightly altered (AG-II), moderately altered (AG-III), highly altered (AG-IV) and very highly altered (AG-V). The strength properties of the studied rock units correlated well with the alteration grades assigned to them. That is, as the grade increased from AG-I to AG-V, abrasion resistance and crushability index increased, whereas compressive strength, slake durability and impact strength decreased. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3233_074a50bd8ffc39beac5f479f3dc4307c.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 An Investigation of the Cumulative Impact of Decking Length and Firing Pattern on Blasting Results 97 110 3202 10.22044/jme.2024.14555.2743 EN Sri Chandrahas GMMCO Technology Services Limited (GTS LTD) Bhanwar Singh Choudhary Department of Mining Engineering, IIT(ISM) Dhanbad MS Venkataramayya Department of Mining Engineering, COE,OU, Hyderabad Yewuhalashet Fissha Department of Geosciences, Geo-technology and Materials Engineering for Resources, Graduate School of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan Blessing Olamide Taiwo Mining Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria Journal Article 2024 05 20 To conducting efficient blasting operations, one needs to analyze the bench geology, structural and dimensional parameters to obtain the required optimum fragmentation with minimum amount of ground vibration. Joints presence causes difficulty during drilling and subsequent rock breakage mechanism. An idea on joints density will give an idea on deciding with column charging in-terms of decking-stemming and firing patterns. The goal of the research is to develop a hybrid algorithm model to predict joints width and joint angle. In order to achieve the task, advanced softwares, machine learning models and a field data tests were used in this study. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3202_c45b856fe9cd4f15a1a9618ab1a0a724.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Non-Structural Slope Stabilization Using Biopolymers 111 116 3200 10.22044/jme.2024.14596.2752 EN Manendra Singh Dept. of Civil Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, 177005, Himachal Pradesh, India Moqin Mushtaq Zargar Dept. of Civil Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, 177005, Himachal Pradesh, India Vivek Kumar Sharma Dept. of Civil Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, 177005, Himachal Pradesh, India Ritu Raj Nath Analytics & Modeling Analyst, Moody’s RMS, India Journal Article 2024 05 27 Non-structural slope stabilization techniques are gaining popularity for cost-affordability and environmental sustainability and are intended primarily to enhance the soil shear strength parameters. The present study evaluates the performance of three biopolymers: Guar Gum, Gellan Gum, and Xanthan Gum as slope stabilizers for a quintessential soil slope of a local district in the foothills of the Lesser Himalayas. The study measures the shear strength of biopolymer-treated soil at varying concentrations and moisture contents, and concludes that the soil shear strength is highly influenced by the concentration of biopolymer and the moisture content. The results demonstrate significant increase (48% and 7%) of the cohesion and friction angle of a particular biopolymer-treated sample for a specific moisture content. However, the addition of biopolymers to the soil also leads to a decrease in the permeability of the original sample. The study, in the next phase, numerically computes the Factor of Safety of the test-bed slope before and after the application of biopolymers, and observes that the addition of biopolymers in soil significantly increases (34%) the factor of safety at an optimum combination concentration and moisture content for all three biopolymers. This signifies their utility as non-structural slope stabilizers. By highlighting the improved shear strength of the biopolymer-treated soils, the study complements the current initiatives for non-structural slope stabilization and sustainable soil enhancement and adds to the new yet expanding body of information regarding long-term, non-structural slope stabilizing techniques. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3200_f16b56c1181cbfed61b6bb795739abd8.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Artificial Intelligence Tool for Prediction of Mine Tailings Dam Slope Stability 127 142 3224 10.22044/jme.2024.14602.2754 EN Kapoor Chand Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India Ved Kumar Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India Priyanshu Raj Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India Nikita Sharma Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India Amit Kumar Mankar Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India Radhakanta Koner Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India Journal Article 2024 05 29 Failure of tailings dams is a major issue in the mining industry as it critically impacts the environment and life. A major cause of the failure of tailings dams is the unplanned depositing of tailings and the increase in saturation due to rainfall events. This study using numerical modelling and artificial intelligence techniques (like MLR, SVR, DT, RF, and XGB) aims to predict the slope stability of tailings dams to avoid failure. The stability of tailings dams is analysed using the finite difference method (FDM), which computes the factor of safety (FoS) using the shear strength reduction (SSR) technique. This investigation mainly focuses on the geotechnical and geometric parameters of the tailings dam, such as density, cohesion, friction angle, saturation, embankment height, slope angle and haul road width. Results of numerical modelling have been used for developing ML models and predicting slope stability. The efficiency of ML models was analysed based on the R² and root mean square error (RMSE), mean squared errors (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The XGB algorithm proved to be the most effective as it gave the highest accuracy and lowest RMSE value compared to other ML models. AI tool was developed based on the ML model results for dam slope stability prediction. The developed AI tool will help understand the role of saturation and geometry parameters in embankment stability at the initial level of investigation. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3224_4c0b2217720e2f34e8ab0b33d6e17cf3.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 A Proposed New Precambrian Skarn Deposits in the Arabian Shield 143 159 3222 10.22044/jme.2024.14659.2769 EN Eid R. Abo-Ezz Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, P.O. 12613, Egypt El Sayed I Selim Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, P.O. 12613, Egypt Hatem Aboelkhair Faculty of Science, Geology Department, Damietta University, New Damietta City, 34517, Egypt Center of Space Research and Applications (CSRA), Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt Haytham Sehsah Faculty of Science, Geology Department, Damietta University, New Damietta City, 34517, Egypt Journal Article 2024 06 15 The bimodal hypsometry of the Arabian-Nubian Shield in the Neoproterozoic triggered the formation of post-amalgamation marine bains in the low-stand terranes of the Arabian shield (AS). The carbonate successions in the extraordinary marine basins in the AS are intruded by granite plutons of different causative types, with major shear zones pathways. Therefore, the conditions for the formation of skarn deposits are mature at the contact of the carbonate succession with the causative granite plutons. Multidisciplinary approaches including ASTER data, Magnetic data, and geochemical data have been applied to the Murdama basin to locate the promising areas for skarn deposits. The Murdama basin has contrasting magnetic anomalies of different intensity at the contact between the Murdama limestone and the post-Murdama causative batholiths; significant magnetic anomalies exist at the contact with the Idah causative magmas. Lineaments related to the Najd fault system (NFS) exist eastward, where calc-silicate alteration-related minerals were evolved, with no clues for penetrative effect for such alteration activity along pathways related to the fracture system or at contact with the Abanat suite. Different spectral mapping techniques, including Spectral Information Divergence (SID), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), and Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM) confirm that the Idah suite is the predominant causative magma in the study area with highly evolved calc-silicate alteration-related minerals, such as wollastonite, garnet, and pyroxene. Meanwhile, The Idah suite has been identified as the main causative magma for other reduced skarn localities that have been recorded from the Murdama basin, i.e. the Qitan and An Nimriyah South. Alteration related mineral zones of kaolinite, chlorite, muscovite, and hematite are evolved alongside with calc-silicate minerals at the contact bewteen Idah suite, and the Murdama carbonate member. The geochemical data suggests reducing effect for the Idah suite at the contact between the Murdama carbonate succession and Idah plutons. These preliminary results of this study need detailed field investigations and geochemical explorations for the proposed skarn deposits in the Neoproterozoic molasse basins of the AS. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3222_ac4d0914d7c1726cd4f4e8bd332b33d7.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 RAPID MASS MOVEMENT SIMULATIONS BASED ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDES ALONG NATIONAL HIGHWAY 205 IN HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA 161 182 3239 10.22044/jme.2024.14667.2771 EN Sahil Kumar Research Scholar, Civil Department, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India Abhishek Sharma Research Scholar, Civil Department, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India Kanwarpreet Singh Research Scholar, Civil Department, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India Journal Article 2024 06 14 This study investigates the application of the Rapid Mass Movement Simulation (RAMMS) tool in assessing and mitigating various types of landslides. The research encompasses comprehensive field visits to diverse landslide-prone areas, capturing detailed photographic evidence to document pre- and post-landslide conditions. Utilizing the field data, RAMMS simulations were conducted to model the dynamics of different landslide scenarios, including rockfalls, debris flows, and avalanches. The simulations provided insights into the potential impact zones, flow velocities, and deposition patterns of landslides under varying environmental conditions. The results highlight the efficacy of RAMMS in predicting landslide behavior and guiding mitigation strategies. By comparing the simulation outputs with field observations, we validated the accuracy of RAMMS models, demonstrating their utility in real-world applications. Furthermore, the study identifies key factors influencing landslide susceptibility and proposes targeted mitigation measures to enhance community flexibility. This research underscores the importance of integrating advanced simulation tools like RAMMS with empirical field data to develop strong landslide risk management frameworks. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3239_54ac0f59f1c4849aa09be197169ff1ee.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 A Geospatial Approach to Landslide Susceptibility Mapping of Spiti, India 183 205 3232 10.22044/jme.2024.14684.2779 EN Devraj Dhakal Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India 0009-0004-0518-5144 Kanwarpreet Singh Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India Journal Article 2024 06 19 Landslides pose significant risks to human life, infrastructure, and the environment, particularly in geologically unstable regions like the Himalayas. This study aims to develop and validate landslide susceptibility maps using Frequency Ratio (FR) and Information Value (IV) models within a GIS framework. Employing high-resolution geospatial data, including geomorphological, topographical, and hydrological factors derived from high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and other geospatial datasets. The susceptibility maps were classified into five categories: Low, Moderate, High, Very High, and Extremely High. The models were trained and validated using a landslide inventory of 1313 landslide events, with a 70:30 split for training and testing datasets. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, yielding AUC values of 84.1 for the FR model and 83.9 for the IV model. The Landslide Density Index (LDI) further confirmed the models' reliability, indicating higher landslide densities in the predicted high-susceptibility zones. The study demonstrates that both FR and IV models are effective tools for landslide susceptibility mapping and its validation. The findings highlight the FR model's superior predictive accuracy in this specific area. Future research should leverage advanced machine learning techniques, such as XGBoost, Random Forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), to enhance the reliability and precision of landslide susceptibility models. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3232_d9e94736867df98ec041c16ce331ef0f.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Assessment of Chemical and Geotechnical Properties for Optimal Selection of Nigerian Laterite Soil as Liner Material in Solid Waste Landfills 207 221 3238 10.22044/jme.2024.14762.2794 EN Lateef Bankole Adamolekun Mining Engineering Department, Dangote Cement, Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria Taiwo Blessing Olamide Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria Muyideen Alade Saliu Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria Esma Kahraman Department of Mining Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye Victor Afolabi Jebutu Engineering Management, University of Bolton, England Yewuhalashet Fissha Department of Geosciences, Geotechnology and Materials Engineering for Resources, Graduate School of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, Japan Department of Mining Engineering, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia Adams Abiodun Akinlabi Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria Journal Article 2024 07 11 Examining the applicability of laterite clay for landfill and other engineering applications is critical due to the daily challenges that practitioners face as a result of material property variation. The suitability of seven selected laterite deposits in southwestern Nigeria as usable liner material in solid waste landfill construction was investigated in this study, taking geotechnical properties and chemical composition into account. Purposive samples were collected and tested in accordance with ASTM standard procedures for analyzing geotechnical properties. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the soil's clay mineral composition. The clay mineral composition of the soil was determined using X-ray diffraction analysis. The geotechnical analysis revealed the following ranges for the samples: gravel particle size percentage (3.7% to 34.0%), fines particle size percentage (17.4% to 71.7%), liquid limit (28.1% to 65.8%), plasticity index (3.95 to 45.53), activity (0.44 to 0.81), coefficient of permeability (6.75 x10^-10 m/s to 5.80 x 10^-6 m/s), specific gravity (2.639 to 2.768), and maximum dry density (1462 kg/m³ to 2065 kg/m³). X-ray diffraction test revealed that the clay minerals content in the seven location clay deposit varies depending on location. The study revealed that the clay mineralogical composition affects the suitability of the soil as a landfill liner material. Four among the seven clay deposits considered in this study were found suitable as a liner for solid waste landfills as compared with landfill material standard specifications. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3238_2bc265c7a0f690e5396bc24f68a4adea.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Failure Mechanisms of Concrete-Bolt Attachment Surface: Impact of Cable Bolt Indent Number and Shape 223 239 3235 10.22044/jme.2024.14440.2707 EN Vahab Sarfarazi Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran Lei Zhou State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China Hadi Haeri Department of Mining Engineering, Higher Education Complex of Zarand, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Parastou Salehipour School of natural resources and the environment, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Ali Elahi Department of Mining Engineering, Higher Education Complex of Zarand, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Ali Moayer Department of civil engineering, Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran. Mohammad Fatehi Marji Department of Mine Exploitation Engineering, Faculty of Mining and metallurgy, Institute of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Journal Article 2024 04 18 The mechanical behavior of rock-rock bolt interface considering the effects of indents’ shape and their number was numerically simulated based on discrete element method using the two-dimensional particle flow code. The conventional and standard uniaxial compressive and Brazilian tensile strengths tests were used to calibrate the modelled samples with 100 cm 100 cm in dimension. The numerical models were prepared such that different indent shape and number were inserted in the cable bolts arrangements during the rock reinforcement process. The effects of confining pressure 3.7 MPa and different shear failure loads were modeled for the punch shear test of the concrete specimens. The results of this study showed that the dominant failure mode of the rock-cable bolt interface was of tensile mode and the shape and number of cable indents significantly affected the strength and mechanical behavior of the modelled samples. It has also been showed that the indent dimensions and number affected the shear strength of the interfaces. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3235_eb2199a328f338df7c1156457f474548.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Simulating the Hydraulic Fracturing Mechanism Around the Hydrocarbon Wellbores with Emphasizing its Effects on the Sand Production 241 258 3153 10.22044/jme.2024.14049.2619 EN Masoud Yazdani Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Mohammad Fatehi Marji Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Mehdi Najafi Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Manouchehr Sanei Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Journal Article 2024 01 10 Around 70% of the world's hydrocarbon fields are situated in reservoirs containing low-strength rocks, such as sandstone. During the production of hydrocarbons from sandstone reservoirs, sand-sized particles may become dislodged from the formation and enter the hydrocarbon fluid flow. Sand production is a significant issue in the oil industry due to its potential to cause erosion of pipes and valves. Separating grains from oil is a costly process. Oil and gas companies are motivated to reduce sand production during petroleum extraction. Hydraulic fracturing is one of the parameters that can influence sand production. However, understanding the complex interactions between hydraulic fracturing mechanisms and sand production around wellbores is critical for optimizing reservoir recovery and ensuring the integrity of production wells. This article explores the integrated simulation approach to model hydraulic fracturing processes and assess their effects on sand production. Two-dimensional models were created using the discrete element method in PFC2D software for this research. The fractures' length in the models varies based on the well's radius. The angle between two fractures at 90 and 180 degrees to each other was also modeled. In the first case, the length of the fracture is less than the radius of the well, in the second case, the values are equal and finally, the fracture length is assumed to exceed the well radius. The calibrated and validated results demonstrate the change in sand production rate in comparison to the unbroken state. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3153_09bf5ac52ddadf505da1cf0684a8aa20.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Optimization and Standardization of Xanthate Derivatives Consumption in Lead Mine during Floatation Process: An environmental assessment 259 271 3225 10.22044/jme.2024.14095.2625 EN Asghar Azadehranjbar Department of Environment, Damavand branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran Shahrzad Khoramnejadian Department of Environment, Damavand branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran Saeidreza Asemi Zavareh Department of Environment, Damavand branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran Alireza Pendashteh Department of Water and Environment, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Centre, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2024 01 21 Mining and minerals extraction and purification are critical in today’s world. However, these processes may have negative consequences on the environment. Xanthates which are essential in the floatation process are found to be significant polluting chemicals. In this manuscript, the effect of different parameters on the recovery of lead from Nakhlak lead mine was investigated considering the impact of used chemicals on the surrounding environment including air, soil and native plant species. The reason for this investigation was to achieve the optimal conditions for the minimum consumption of xanthates and other chemicals. The optimal recovery was obtained in the presence of xanthate (1 kg/t) and sodium silicate (0.4 kg/t). In addition, MIBC showed to be more efficient in the floatation process. Furthermore, it was observed that higher xanthate contents are required for the floatation of large particles. Therefore, smaller particles of feed can decrease xanthate consumption. A particle size of 100 µm showed the best floatation recovery with the least xanthate requirement. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3225_900dbc2f9a79ac0c48a4d5c97a0d192f.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Integration of Airborne Geophysics Data with Fuzzy c-means Unsupervised Machine Learning Method to Predict Geological Map, Shahr-e-Babak Study Area, Southern Iran 273 289 3143 10.22044/jme.2024.14173.2636 EN Moslem Jahantigh Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Mine, AmirKabir University, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza Ramazi Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Mine, AmirKabir University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 02 08 Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. This method assists in integrating airborne geophysics data and extracting automatic geological map. This paper tries to combine airborne geophysics data consisting of aeromagnetic, potassium, and thorium layers to classify the lithological map of the Shahr-e-Babak area, a world-class porphyry area in the south of Iran. The resulting clusters with FCM show appropriate coincidence with the geological map of the study area. The clusters are adapted with high magnetic anomalies corresponding to the mafic volcanic rocks and the clusters with high radiometric signature associated with igneous rocks. The cluster is associated with low magnetic anomaly and low radioelements concentration representing sedimentary rocks. some clusters are associated with two or more lithological formations due to similar signatures of geophysics properties. The fuzzy score membership in all clusters is above 0.71 indicating a high correlation between geological signatures and multigeophysical data. This study shows geophysical signatures analyzed with the machine learning method can reveal geological units. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3143_6ed851114febd608f93ac3a6cf16467b.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Participation of Analytical Parameters in Predictive Empirical Models for Rock Mass Deformation Modulus: A Review 291 306 3184 10.22044/jme.2024.14299.2671 EN Mohammad Reza Shahverdiloo Faculty of Mining, Petroleum & Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Shokroallah Zare Faculty of Mining, Petroleum & Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Journal Article 2024 03 09 The deformation modulus of rock mass is necessary for stability analysis of rock structures, which is generally estimated by empirical models with one to five input parameters/indexes. However, appropriate input parameter participation to establish a sound basis for a reliable prediction has been a challenging task. In this study, the concept of the principal input parameters was developed based on an analytical method with an emphasis on in situ stress. Based on analytical methods, Young’s modulus of intact rock, the joint’s shear and normal stiffness, joint set spacing, and in situ stress are introduced as the main principal input parameters. A review of seventy empirical models revealed that most of them suffered from a lack of analytical parameters. Due to considering practical issues, the geological strength index (GSI) is replaced with joint set spacing; moreover, the in situ stress effect is perceived by combining Young’s modulus and joint stiffness with specific confining pressure and normal stress, respectively. The integration of the analytical base input parameters and practical issues enhanced the reliability of empirical models due to the reasonable prediction of the deformation modulus to numerical or analytical deformability analysis. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3184_198f5fcaf5e44db3405966b49e620512.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Developing a New Model for Predicting Specific Energy (SE) for Economic and Environmental Optimization of the Diamond Wire Cutting Operation 307 319 3154 10.22044/jme.2024.14303.2672 EN Mohammad Hossein Jalalian Department of Mining Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Raheb Bagherpour Department of Mining Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Mehrbod Khoshouei Department of Mining Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran S. Najmedin Almasi Department of Mining Engineering, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran Journal Article 2024 03 10 Diamond wire cutting is a common method to extract dimension stones, which depends on various factors, including the mechanical and physical properties of the stone, cutting specifications, and operational characteristics. Specific energy, production rate, efficiency, and wear of diamond beads are some of the criteria that influence economic and environmental optimization of diamond wire cutting operations. In this study, the specific energy of the diamond wire cutting process was measured for 11 samples of Granite stones. By analyzing the impact of parameters such as stone density, porosity, and cutting rate on energy consumption, a linear regression model was developed with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.944 to predict specific energy for different types of stones. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, have confirmed that the model accurately predicts specific energy values. Data from three new stone samples were used to validate the model, and their predicted energy values were compared with actual values. The model presented achieved an R² value of 0.827, demonstrating its high accuracy. The results indicate that energy consumption in dimension stone cutting operation can be accurately predicted and characterized indirectly using high precision stone properties and operational parameters. This method can accurately and indirectly monitor energy consumption and cutting machine performance during the dimension stone cutting operation and can be used to optimize economic and environmental aspects of this process. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3154_1dd447c5b92eda32e971022dcda1d60d.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Cutting Wheel Opening Configuration in Soft Ground Shield Tunneling by Considering Field and Numerical Studies 321 351 3231 10.22044/jme.2024.14323.2678 EN Dariush Mohammadi Department of Mining Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Kourosh Shahriar Department of Mining Engineering, Amirkabir university of Technology, Tehran, Iran Parviz Moarefvand Department of Mining Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Farrokh Department of Mining Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 03 17 The correct design of the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) plays a vital role in the efficient operation of the machine, as the cutterhead structure remains unchanged during the tunneling project. This paper aims to elucidate the fundamental principles in the design of the cutterhead opening in soft ground based on data obtained from TBM manufacturers. Initially, a comprehensive database of soft ground cutterheads from different TBM manufacturers across various projects and ground conditions was compiled. The most frequently used cutterhead configurations with diameters exceeding 5 meters were categorized into 36 distinct opening configurations based on a radial opening ratio curve and opening patterns per sector. Next, the performance parameters and particle flow characteristics of three Herrenknecht cutterhead designs featuring varying opening configurations in the central and circumference areas were analyzed using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) by considering material parameters for machine and soil and contact parameters between soil particles and soil particles-machine structures. Hertz–Mindlin model was assigned as the contact model for these elements. Additionally, three different cutterheads employed in Tehran metro projects in Iran were identified by monitoring the cutterhead torque and thrust force under same geotechnical conditions and operational parameters. Generally, a higher opening percentage in the central area of the cutterhead indicates good performance during excavation in cohesive soils. However, the higher opening percentage in circumferential areas is a better choice for effective excavated material removal around the cutterhead and tunnel in non-cohesive soils, weathered rocks, mixed and heterogeneous conditions. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3231_a0956233d6aff684a317365dc7958ce1.pdf

Shahrood University of Technology Journal of Mining and Environment 2251-8592 16 1 2025 01 01 Photocatalytic Treatment and Kinetic Study of Dye Wastewater by Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles 321 369 3189 10.22044/jme.2024.14461.2717 EN Behnoosh Khataei Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences Engineering, Arak University of Technology, Arak, Iran Farhad Qaderi Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran Farzad Mosavat Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran Journal Article 2024 04 27 The increase in the number of factories, the industrialization of human life, and the increasing use of industrial paints have caused an increase in dye wastewater and consequent environmental pollution. Discharging wastewater containing the dyes mentioned above, which are often carcinogenic, is a severe threat to living organisms. In this research, a photocatalytic method (as an advanced oxidation method) using zinc oxide nanoparticles was investigated to treat the colored wastewater containing methylene blue. This type of nanoparticle is cheap (based on the used synthesis method), abundant and readily available, and low in toxicity. For this purpose, an evaluation of the optimal ratio between zinc acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out. Furthermore, the simultaneous decreasing and increasing effects of independent parameters (pH, irradiation time, methylene blue concentration, zinc acetate to PVP ratio) on the efficiency of the photocatalytic process and kinetic model were evaluated. The results showed that the best pollutant removal efficiency (91.7%) was obtained using the ratio of zinc acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone equal to 33.67 in 60 minutes of irradiation time. This result shows that the lower ratio of zinc acetate to polyvinylpyrrolidone indicates higher dye removal. https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_3189_3dd8d3e1a21256b8a3d8a2e19a50e311.pdf