Mine Economic and Management
Rahman Ahmadi; Rahim Dabiri; Bijan Taheri
Abstract
This study applies risk analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate sustainable mining development in four protected, restricted, and military areas of Qazvin Province. A sequential hybrid framework is used in which GIS–Fuzzy modelling provides mineral-prospectivity screening, ...
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This study applies risk analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate sustainable mining development in four protected, restricted, and military areas of Qazvin Province. A sequential hybrid framework is used in which GIS–Fuzzy modelling provides mineral-prospectivity screening, AHP quantifies the relative importance of the retained decision criteria, and a semi-quantitative probability–impact matrix provides area-specific risk comparison. Mining conditions in Alamut, Bashgol, Tarom, and Artesh Lands were evaluated using expert judgments and Expert Choice, with the final comparison expressed as normalized incentive and limiting contributions. In the preliminary six-parameter influence assessment, environmental considerations had the highest influence (0.327), approximately 1.7 times the economic and legal/policy parameters (0.188 each) and approximately 3.3 times the three lower-weight parameters (0.099 each). In the reduced AHP model, Environmental, Security & Conflict also received the highest criterion weight (0.581). Artesh Lands showed the most favorable risk balance, Bashgol ranked second under conditional environmental controls, and Alamut and Tarom remained jointly least favorable because their retained criterion inputs were identical. The framework is intended as a strategic decision-support tool and does not replace environmental impact assessment or regulatory authorization.
Environment
Abdollah Yazdi; rahim dabiri; Habib Mollai
Abstract
Geosites and their contents including minerals, fossils, etc. can strongly represent the history of a region. They greatly help our understanding of the evolution of Earth, volcanic activities, plate tectonics, and the characteristics of different environments. These are some of the vital information ...
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Geosites and their contents including minerals, fossils, etc. can strongly represent the history of a region. They greatly help our understanding of the evolution of Earth, volcanic activities, plate tectonics, and the characteristics of different environments. These are some of the vital information about 4500 million years of the Earth's life, and are our common international heritage. Geoconservation’s main purpose is the protection of geosites as major units of geoheritage, and this principle is achieved through the application of specific methods such as indexing geological phenomena, assessment, preservation, valuation, and estimating the importance of each geosite, as well as monitoring (or watching these phenomena). In this paper, geoconservation is introduced as a specialized and essential branch of geological science, which is currently under development. Therefore, geoconservation principles are presented here, and their relation to other geosciences is discussed. In addition, through scientific and cultural education related to sustainable development (in regard to the geoscience), citizens can be informed that lack of conserving natural resources would reduce geo-resources, and on the other hand, is a serious threat to geoheritage of the planet Earth. This crucial subject can be achieved by making information available and by teaching skills by which making prospective and correct decisions is possible.
R. Dabiri; M. Bakhshi Mazdeh; H. Mollai
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the extent of metal pollutions and the identification of their major sources in the vicinity of the Sangan iron mine occurring in NE Iran. Soil samples were collected from the vicinity of the mine site and analyzed for heavy metals. In addition, the chemical speciation ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the extent of metal pollutions and the identification of their major sources in the vicinity of the Sangan iron mine occurring in NE Iran. Soil samples were collected from the vicinity of the mine site and analyzed for heavy metals. In addition, the chemical speciation of these metals was investigated by means of the sequential extraction procedure. The statistical and spatial variability of the metal concentrations and other soil parameters were also analyzed by the multivariate statistical methods (principal component analysis and cluster analysis). Contaminant Factor (CF) and Enrichment Factor (EF) were used to evaluate soil pollution in the samples. By this study, one can conclude that a notable enrichment of heavy metals happened in the margin of the mining area. The data obtained reveal that soils in the area are contaminated, showing higher levels of Fe, Sn, Co, Cu, Sb, S, and Cd in comparison with their normal distributions. The results of sequential extraction analysis and multivariate (geo)statistical methods show that the variability of Fe, Sn, Co, Cu, Sb, S, and Cd is predominately controlled by the anthropogenic source (mining activity), whereas Pb, Cr, and Zn are mainly of natural (geogenic) origin.
M. Otari; R. Dabiri
Abstract
Heavy metal concentration in the soils and sediments has increased worldwide during the last century due to the mining, smelting, and industrial activities. The Forumad chromite deposit is located in the Sabzevar ophiolitic complex (SOC), with a long history of mining activities, yet very little is known ...
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Heavy metal concentration in the soils and sediments has increased worldwide during the last century due to the mining, smelting, and industrial activities. The Forumad chromite deposit is located in the Sabzevar ophiolitic complex (SOC), with a long history of mining activities, yet very little is known about the heavy metal contamination in its surrounding environment. In this research work, the soil pollution by heavy metals was investigated with respect to the geochemical, statistical, and environmental indicators over the chromite mine in Forumad. The concentrations of heavy metals were analyzed, and the results obtained showed that the mean concentrations of Cr (5837.5 ppm) and Ni (570.7 ppm) in the nearby soils and sediments were significantly high. On the other hand, the mean concentrations of the other heavy metals present such as As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, and V were close to the geological background values. The multivariate statistical analyses (Pearson coefficient analysis, Cluster analysis, and principal component analysis) were used to understand the various anthropogenic and geological (lithogenic) sources. Our geochemical and environmental assessments suggested that Cr, Ni, Co, and V had similar properties, and their presence in the soils was mainly from the ultramafic rocks and chromite deposits. However, the calculated enrichment factors for Cr and Ni were more than 10, suggesting their anthropogenic sources due to the mining activities. The significant Cr and Ni contaminations in the Forumad nearby soils indicated that the status of heavy metal contaminations of the area should receive further considerations in the metal mine areas throughout SOC.
