Mineral Processing
Dorna Pirouzan; Reza Parvareh; Ziaeddin Pourkarimi; Mehdi Rahimi; Javad Moosavi; Hossein Habibi
Abstract
In our country, a massive volume of slag is generated annually from steel production facilities, amounting to about 20 percent of the total steel produced. This slag is an important and valuable source for extracting vanadium, with 67 percent of the world's vanadium production sourced from slag. Iran ...
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In our country, a massive volume of slag is generated annually from steel production facilities, amounting to about 20 percent of the total steel produced. This slag is an important and valuable source for extracting vanadium, with 67 percent of the world's vanadium production sourced from slag. Iran ranks among the top five countries that possess this vital metal; however, vanadium extraction from slag has not been carried out to date. Moreover, due to the unstable quality of the slag, its utilization in other industries has not been feasible. To prevent the environmentally harmful effects of accumulating slag and the inability to utilize it in various industries, it is essential to implement an economic solution for recovering the components present in steel-making slag. In the present project, after sampling from the stored slag deposits at Mobarakeh Steel Company, comprehensive laboratory and pilot-scale studies were conducted on the representative samples. Through processes involving roasting with sodium carbonate, acid leaching with 2 M sulfuric acid, iron cementation, solvent extraction using DEHPA, stripping, and scrubbing, we successfully extracted pentoxide vanadium with high purity suitable for producing ferrovanadium.
Mineral Processing
Mohammad Karimi; Mohammad Karamoozian
Abstract
This research investigates the process of cerium extraction from tailings that have been separated from iron using a magnetic drum separator, through both acid leaching and solvent extraction methods. Initially, the mineralogical characteristics of the samples were analysed using microscopic studies. ...
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This research investigates the process of cerium extraction from tailings that have been separated from iron using a magnetic drum separator, through both acid leaching and solvent extraction methods. Initially, the mineralogical characteristics of the samples were analysed using microscopic studies. The main minerals identified were feldspar, garnet, calcite, gypsum, amphibole, and secondary minerals such as chlorite, quartz, and apatite. The metallic minerals were included pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, and hematite. The sample was taken from the tailing’s damps, then it was crushed to a particle size of less than 800 microns. The sample was then placed in a stirred tank along with water, fed into a spiral separator, and subsequently into a shaking table. The analysis results showed that the cerium grade increased from 320 ppm in the feed to 1364 ppm. In the leaching experiments, the influence of various parameters including temperature, acid concentration, type of acid, leaching time, and particle size on cerium leaching recovery rate was evaluated. The results indicated that temperature and acid concentration had the greatest impact on the leaching rate of cerium. In this stage, 95% of cerium was dissolved. Optimization tests for leaching conditions showed that the best conditions for cerium leaching were using hydrochloric acid at a 1:3 concentration with water (concentration of hydrochloric acid became 9 Molar), at a temperature of 90°C and a leaching time of 4 hours. In the subsequent phase, an optimization experiment was conducted with the same parameters. Under these conditions, 96.5% of cerium was dissolved. Then, the solvent extraction process was examined using organic solvents, di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and tributyl phosphate. The results showed that the highest cerium extraction rate (81%) was achieved when di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid was used, considering parameters such as pH 3, organic-to-aqueous phase ratio of 1:1, 20-minute extraction time, 25°C temperature, and stirring speed of 300 rpm. Finally, the results of this research contribute to the optimization of the cerium extraction process and provide suggestions for improving the efficiency of this process.
Mineral Processing
S. Feizollahi; A. Azizi
Abstract
The extraction behavior of Cu(II) ions from a real sulfate liquor obtained from the heap leaching stage of a copper oxide ore was investigated using a chelating reagent, Chemorex CP-150 in kerosene. A comparative study was also carried out on the extraction capability of Cu(II) ions using other solvents ...
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The extraction behavior of Cu(II) ions from a real sulfate liquor obtained from the heap leaching stage of a copper oxide ore was investigated using a chelating reagent, Chemorex CP-150 in kerosene. A comparative study was also carried out on the extraction capability of Cu(II) ions using other solvents including D2EHPA and Cyanex 272.Chemorex CP-150 demonstrated an effective and selective extraction performance of copper with the amount of extracted Fe less than 15%. Also the results obtained indicated that more than 66.4% and 96.99% of Cu were transferred to the organic phase in a single extraction stage using 15% (v/v) Chemorex CP-150 at the A:O phase ratios of 1:1 and 1:4, respectively. In addition, the McCabe-Thiele diagram exhibited that two extraction stages were required to achieve the maximum amount of Cu at a 1:1 phase ratio under the optimal conditions (25 °C, pH 2.5, and 20 min contact time). Also, thermodynamic data proved that the extraction process was slightly endothermic (ΔH = 7.62 kJ/mol), indicating the relatively smaller heat effects on the formation of a single complex species (CuR2). Stripping of copper from the loaded organic phase was also conducted, and it was found that ~99.38% copper could be recovered using 165 g/L H2SO4 at a 2:1 A:O phase ratio after 5 minutes stripping.
Mineral Processing
R. Solis-Rdoriguez; S. Bello-Teodoro; A. Moreno-Baez; J. I Galvan-Tejada; J. G Arceo-Olague; H. Luna-Garcia; O. Alonso-Gonzalez
Abstract
Precious metals are currently associated with selenium (naumannite, Ag2Se) and tellurium (calaverite, AuTe2; sylvanite, (Au,Ag)2Te4) to form species refractory to cyanidation. The aim of this preliminary work was to study the use of the solvent extraction technique to recover tellurium and selenium ions ...
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Precious metals are currently associated with selenium (naumannite, Ag2Se) and tellurium (calaverite, AuTe2; sylvanite, (Au,Ag)2Te4) to form species refractory to cyanidation. The aim of this preliminary work was to study the use of the solvent extraction technique to recover tellurium and selenium ions from a synthetic solution similar to the cyanidation effluents to recycle the free cyanide back to the process. For the extraction of the Se and Te anions, the use of quaternary amines as extractants was evaluated (tallow trimethyl ammonium chloride, Quartamin TPR; hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Amine F; and trioctyl methyl ammonium chloride, Aliquat 336) employing nonylphenol as a modifier in the organic phase (iso-octane). The results obtained showed that the extraction was strongly affected by the pH and that it was possible to recover up to 83% of Se and 10% of Te with Quartamin TPR from two synthetic solutions containing 23 mg/L of Te and 20 mg/L of Se with a molar cyanide:metal ratio of 1:4 at pH 11, a ratio of aqueous/organic (A/O) = 1 (V/V) and an extractant concentration of 0.022 mol/L. A maximum distribution coefficient (D) of 4.97 was obtained at pH 11. The McCabe-Thiele diagram indicates that two theoretical extraction stages are necessary to obtain a good extraction of Se complexes using Quartamin TPR.
H. Amani; H. Naderi
Abstract
Gallium extraction from Jajarm Bayer process liquor (Jajarm, Iran) was investigated using microemulsions. Also the behavior of aluminum was studied as an impurity. Kelex100 (4-ethyl, 1-methyl, 7-octyl, 8-hydroxyquinoleine), iso-decanol and n-butanol, and kerosene were used as the surfactant, co-surfactant, ...
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Gallium extraction from Jajarm Bayer process liquor (Jajarm, Iran) was investigated using microemulsions. Also the behavior of aluminum was studied as an impurity. Kelex100 (4-ethyl, 1-methyl, 7-octyl, 8-hydroxyquinoleine), iso-decanol and n-butanol, and kerosene were used as the surfactant, co-surfactant, and oil phase, respectively. Ternary phase diagrams were produced using various co-surfactants at different C/S ratios. The results obtained show that Winsor II is the predominant region, and the least area was obtained using iso-decanol at C/S = 4. Using n-butanol or iso-decanol at C/S = 2, 100% of gallium was extracted. The equations of the statistical models for the gallium and aluminum extractions using different co-surfactants were calculated. While the highest gallium extraction (100%) was obtained using n-butanol, due to the high co-extraction of aluminum, the lowest separation and enrichment factors were obtained for this system. The highest separation and enrichment factors were obtained using iso-decanol at C/S = 2. The point with the compositions of XAF = 30, XOF = 20, and XC/S = 50 was found to be a suitable choice, and led to 74% and 14% extractions for gallium and aluminum, respectively. An enrichment factor of 5.28 was obtained.
