Exploration
Irshad Khan; Afayou Afayou; Naeem Abbas; Asghar Khan; Numan Alam; Kausar Sultan Shah
Abstract
The study utilizes the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) to investigate slope movements. These movements were initially generated by construction activities at the slope's base, and subsequent events were driven by seismic activities, as the study studied area lies within the Main Karakoram Thrust (MKT) ...
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The study utilizes the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) to investigate slope movements. These movements were initially generated by construction activities at the slope's base, and subsequent events were driven by seismic activities, as the study studied area lies within the Main Karakoram Thrust (MKT) and Main Mantle Thrust (MMT) zones. Soil samples, characterized by a moisture content of 13% and a dry unit weight of 18.14 kN/m³ were analyzed. The study revealed that an increase in saturation caused by rainwater infiltration, resulted in a reduction in unconfined compression strength, decreasing from 712 kPa to 349 kPa. The shear strength and deformation parameters (cohesion, angle of internal friction, and deformation modulus) were also examined with varied degrees of saturation. The results revealed a decrease in these parameters as the percentage of saturation increased from 30% to 90%. The slope stability study revealed that the Factor of Safety (FOS) reduced from 1.85 to 0.86 as the saturation of the material raised from 30% to 90%. To assess the influence of unit weight, cohesion, and angle of internal friction on the FOS, multiple cases were considered. The analysis revealed that the FOS increased with higher cohesion and angle of internal friction, while an increase in unit weight resulted in a lower factor of safety. Furthermore, stability of the slope was evaluated by modifying the slope geometry such as lowering the height. According to the GeoStudio investigation, the slope remained steady even at saturation levels exceeding 80%.
Vanshika Bhardwaj; Kanwarpreet Singh
Abstract
Natural hazards are naturally occurring phenomena that might lead to a negative impact on the environment and also on the life of living beings. These hazards are caused due to adverse conditions of weather and climate events, and also due to certain human activities that are harmful to the environment. ...
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Natural hazards are naturally occurring phenomena that might lead to a negative impact on the environment and also on the life of living beings. These hazards are caused due to adverse conditions of weather and climate events, and also due to certain human activities that are harmful to the environment. Natural hazards include tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, etc. Among these natural hazards, landslides are among the most common natural hazards resulting in loss of life and property each year, leading to socio-economic impact; thus to avoid such losses, a comprehensive study of landslides is required. Landslides generally occur in hill region with steep slopes, heavy precipitation, loose shear strength of soil or due to many human activities like afforestation or construction activities. To resolve the problem of landslides in a hilly region, much research is conducted annually, providing a predicted landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) mapping of the area of research. The predicted landslide susceptibility maps are verified based on the past landslide data, an area under the curve (AUC), and other methods to provide an accurate map for landslide susceptibility in any area. In this study,93 research articles are reviewed for analysis of LSZ, and various observations are made based on the recent trends followed by various researchers over the world over the past ten years. The study can be useful for many researchers to practice their research on landslide susceptibility zonation.
