Environment
Ahmed Amara KONATE; Djénébou Bourama SANGARE; Baba Faradji N'DIAYE; N'dji dit Jack DEMBELE
Abstract
Artisanal gold mining (AGM) is one of Mali's most significant economic activities. This activity become a serious environmental concern because of the chemicals used for AGM. The artisanal gold processing method uses a significant amount of water. The operating waste, often toxic by chemical mercury, ...
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Artisanal gold mining (AGM) is one of Mali's most significant economic activities. This activity become a serious environmental concern because of the chemicals used for AGM. The artisanal gold processing method uses a significant amount of water. The operating waste, often toxic by chemical mercury, is discharged or drained into watercourses. This study describes the main actors and the different methods of exploration, extraction, and processing of gold by artisanal miners, as well as their perception of environmental impacts. The methodology adopted is based on surveys and observations conducted at the Lollè and Sinty sites. The results show that no mining legislative rules were applied. Still, non-standard customary rules for a very long time. AGM has a particular organizational chart that actors manage. This study shows that AGM can cause health and environmental problems, especially with the use of chemicals, contamination of water resources, land degradation, and destruction of fauna and flora. Analysis of water samples shows that the mercury concentration at Lollè exceeds the WHO standard, while most mercury concentrations at Sinty are below this standard. The geomorphology of the study area shows a watershed with an area of 88.40 km2 with four orders of the hydrographic network in Lollè and 404.02 km2 with five orders in Sinty. While the slopes range from very weak to strong, and the study areas are practically flat. This study will provide accurate information to policy-makers for implementing environmental management strategies in a manner that miners can understand and evaluate.
Environment
Subhash Chandra Devrath; Aditi Nag; Sanjeev Pareek
Abstract
This paper explores sustainable redevelopment strategies for post-mining regions by integrating urban voids and underground housing solutions. Mining landscapes, often characterized by degraded environments, socio-economic stagnation, and underutilized spaces present significant challenges and opportunities ...
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This paper explores sustainable redevelopment strategies for post-mining regions by integrating urban voids and underground housing solutions. Mining landscapes, often characterized by degraded environments, socio-economic stagnation, and underutilized spaces present significant challenges and opportunities for transformation. Urban voids such as abandoned pits, industrial complexes, and obsolete worker settlements can be repurposed into green infrastructure, public amenities, or residential spaces. Underground housing, leveraging the natural insulation of subsurface environments, offers energy-efficient solutions, while preserving surface land for ecological and communal uses. The research proposes a conceptual framework that combines the adaptive reuse of urban voids with innovative underground housing designs to enhance urban attractiveness, sustainability, and inclusivity. key indexing metrics, including environmental, socio-economic, and urban attractiveness indicators, are developed to evaluate the effectiveness of redevelopment efforts. Case studies from Germany, Belgium, France, and the USA illustrate these strategies' practical applications and transformative potential. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing socio-economic constraints, environmental remediation, and regulatory challenges through participatory planning, innovative governance, and public-private partnerships. The paper concludes by identifying areas for future research, including socio-cultural acceptance of underground housing, region-specific policy frameworks, and advanced remediation technologies. This study provides a comprehensive roadmap for transforming mining regions into vibrant, sustainable, resilient urban environments.
Environment
Triyani Dewi; Zakirah Raihani Ya’la; Ali Husni; Tri Joko Santoso; Samliok Ndobe; Eka Rosyida; Maemunah Maemunah; Marhawati Mappatoba; Muhammad Saleh Nurdin
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine heavy metal concentrations in sediments, assess the level of contamination using a contamination index, and identify potential sources of heavy metal contamination using multivariate analysis. This study employed contamination indices to evaluate sediment pollution ...
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This study was conducted to determine heavy metal concentrations in sediments, assess the level of contamination using a contamination index, and identify potential sources of heavy metal contamination using multivariate analysis. This study employed contamination indices to evaluate sediment pollution levels. Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed statistically by determining the minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation (SD) values. According to the contamination factor (Cf), Cd showed very high contamination levels, whereas Sn, Ni, and Pb indicated moderate contamination. Hg, As, Cr, and Cu were classified as having low levels of contamination. The degree of contamination (Cdeg) ranged from low to high across the sampled sites, reflecting the varied levels of pollution severity. Multivariate statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Pearson correlation matrix, and Cluster Analysis (CA), were used to identify potential sources of heavy metal contamination. Cu, Sn, Ni, Hg, and Cr are attributed to natural geological processes, whereas Pb, Cd, and As are linked to anthropogenic activities, likely originating from the nickel mining industry. In conclusion, this study underscores the complex environmental impact of nickel mining in Morowali, highlighting the need for stringent environmental management practices to mitigate further degradation and safeguard the coastal ecosystems in Central Sulawesi.
Environment
Feridon Ghadimi; Amirhossein Solaimani
Abstract
Chogan region is located in the west of the Urmia-Dokhtar volcanic belt and northwest of the Markazi province in Komijan City. Copper mineralization has a vein type with a length of 260 meters and an average thickness of 4 meters. Mineralization was taken in a sheared silica vein. Eighty three samples ...
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Chogan region is located in the west of the Urmia-Dokhtar volcanic belt and northwest of the Markazi province in Komijan City. Copper mineralization has a vein type with a length of 260 meters and an average thickness of 4 meters. Mineralization was taken in a sheared silica vein. Eighty three samples were taken from the surface ground, in the trenches and it determined the concentration of 10 elements such as Fe, Al, Ca, Ba, S, Mn, As, Pb, Zn, and Cu. It was determined, that S, Ba, Mn, Fe, and Cu are secondary elements in the tuffs by the method of factor and cluster analysis. The constituent mineral such as barite and malachite are vein-shaped, but iron oxides such as hematite and goethite in the form of iron gossan. Geochemical, mineralogical, and geophysical (IP/RS) indices were investigated to separate copper oxide and copper sulfide zones. Sulfur and Ba were used in barite and excess S was chosen as sulfide index (Is). Chalcopyrite and metal factor were chosen as separating oxide and sulfide zones. By combining the geochemical and metal factor, it was approximated the apparent sulfide zone depth and confirmed with actual depth in borehole and error was less than 12%.
Environment
amirhossein karimi; Amin Falamaki; farid soltani; mehdi homaee; nader shariatmadari
Abstract
Mining activities have led to the accumulation of large quantities of mineral tailings containing potentially hazardous metals, contaminating the surrounding soil. This study investigated the effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation combined with washing solvents for the decontamination of zinc and ...
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Mining activities have led to the accumulation of large quantities of mineral tailings containing potentially hazardous metals, contaminating the surrounding soil. This study investigated the effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation combined with washing solvents for the decontamination of zinc and lead from mine tailings. Samples were collected from various locations within the Angouran mine in Zanjan, Iran, and analyzed for total metal concentration using the standard ICP method. Electrokinetic tests were conducted using different washing solutions—hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, and sulfuric acid—each at a concentration of 0.1 M and mixed with soil in a 1:2 solution-to-solid ratio. A voltage of 1.5 V/cm was applied throughout the experiments. To mitigate heavy metal precipitation near the cathode, the same chemical solutions were used in the cathode chamber. The results demonstrated that distilled water resulted in the lowest removal efficiency for zinc (16%) and lead (11.5%), while hydrochloric acid showed the highest removal efficiencies of 64% for zinc and 45% for lead. These findings indicated that electrokinetic remediation, particularly when using hydrochloric acid as a complexing agent, was an effective method for removing significant quantities of zinc and lead from contaminated soil.
Environment
Aditi Nag; Anurag Singh Rathore
Abstract
This research is focused on analyzing the possibilities and challenges of developing tourism in mining heritage cities (MHCs) within conflict areas. These cities simultaneously have vibrant historical and cultural resources and tourism possibilities in the context of security threats and infrastructural ...
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This research is focused on analyzing the possibilities and challenges of developing tourism in mining heritage cities (MHCs) within conflict areas. These cities simultaneously have vibrant historical and cultural resources and tourism possibilities in the context of security threats and infrastructural inadequacy, which usually characterize conflict areas. The study aims to find ways of boosting tourism competitiveness for such areas with a specific interest in formulating sustainable tourist management policies that foster community involvement and cultural heritage protection. The case study analyzes different conflict areas, representing the best practices and the most effective way of exploiting heritage in mining and luring tourist attractions based on the authentic experience. The results exhibit how tourism can serve as an agent towards economic recovery and social empowerment and acts towards peacebuilding in conflict-affected areas. This study furnishes pragmatic recommendations for legislators, the tourism sector, and community members to favor a more robust and inclusive tourism model that benefits the local community and cultural heritage conservation. Finally, the paper underlines the need to understand the complexity of tourism in conflict areas, using some invisible resources for renewal and growth.
Environment
Reyhaneh Khashtabeh; Morteza Akbari; Ava Heidari; Ali Asghar Najafpour; Rokhsareh Khashtabeh
Abstract
The Heavy Metal (HM) contamination in surface soils poses significant environmental and health concerns near the mining operations. This study examined the concentrations and health risks of the five HMs lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), and iron (Fe) in soils surrounding the Sangan ...
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The Heavy Metal (HM) contamination in surface soils poses significant environmental and health concerns near the mining operations. This study examined the concentrations and health risks of the five HMs lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), and iron (Fe) in soils surrounding the Sangan iron ore mines in eastern Iran. Sixty soil samples were collected at depths of 0-20 cm from sites adjacent to the mining area and one control site. The HM concentrations were compared to the global shale values. Soil contamination was quantified using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo). Health risks to the local residents were assessed using the US Environmental Protection Agency's Human Health Risk Evaluation Index. The analysis revealed that the lead concentrations near the mine exceeded the global shale standards, while the arsenic levels remained marginally below permissible limits established by global soil standards. The Igeo values indicated low to moderate the contamination levels for both Pb and As in the mining-adjacent areas. The risk assessment results showed that non-carcinogenic risk indices were within acceptable limits for both children and adults. However, arsenic posed a significant carcinogenic risk to adults through two exposure pathways: ingestion (3.36E-04) and dermal absorption (1.36E-04). These findings highlight the importance of implementing regular monitoring protocols for potentially hazardous elements in the mining region to prevent and mitigate pollution-related health risks.
Environment
Amirmahmood Razavian; Alireza Arab Amiri; Abolghasem Kamkar Rouhani; Meysam Davoodabdi Farahani
Abstract
Mining activities cause environmental pollution. Satellite remote sensing is considered an effective strategy for monitoring pollution, as other direct methods of testing soil pollution levels are often costly and face accessibility challenges in certain areas. Unlike optical sensors, radar systems can ...
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Mining activities cause environmental pollution. Satellite remote sensing is considered an effective strategy for monitoring pollution, as other direct methods of testing soil pollution levels are often costly and face accessibility challenges in certain areas. Unlike optical sensors, radar systems can capture data in all weather conditions and operate around the clock. However, radar systems do not display details and borders of zones and lack multispectral data collection capability. Consequently, combining various characteristics of optical images and radar data offers a comprehensive approach to monitoring pollution. Given these pros and cons, a combination of optical and radar images from the Sentinel satellite was employed in this study to identify surface and physical pollution areas caused by mining activities. The proposed method is a combination of Curvelet Transform, Simple Linear Iterative Clustering, Principle Components Analysis, and integration of radar and optical results using a statistical based clustering scheme, which allows the detection of contaminated zones. This research benefits from several innovative strategies, such as the separate processing and integration of optical and radar images, the simultaneous application of the curvelet transform and principle component analysis, and the utilization of two distinct clustering methods. Finally, the results obtained from radar and optical images of the Damghan region in Semnan province, Iran, on a 1 to 100.000 scale showed the proposed methodology can segment the contaminated zone caused by the eastern Alborz coal preparation plant through soil pollution modelling.
Environment
Hosein Esmaeili; Mohammad Ali Afshar Kazemi; Reza Radfar; Nazanin Pilevari
Abstract
This study introduces a Hybrid Markov–Bayesian Framework for predicting and managing accident risks in high-risk industries, with a specific focus on the mining sector. The framework integrates Markov models to analyze dynamic risk transitions and Bayesian networks to infer causal relationships ...
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This study introduces a Hybrid Markov–Bayesian Framework for predicting and managing accident risks in high-risk industries, with a specific focus on the mining sector. The framework integrates Markov models to analyze dynamic risk transitions and Bayesian networks to infer causal relationships among key human and environmental factors. Drawing from a comprehensive dataset of mining operations, the framework evaluates variables such as age, experience, task type, and injury characteristics to predict and control accident risks. The results highlight the model's high performance, achieving an accuracy of 87%, precision of 85%, and an F1-score of 0.84. This innovative approach enables real-time safety interventions and proactive risk management strategies. The findings underscore the framework's potential to improve workplace safety and serve as a scalable tool for accident prevention in other high-risk industries. Future research will focus on enhancing the framework’s adaptability and incorporating additional contextual variables for broader applicability.
Environment
Feridon Ghadimi; Abolfazl Shafaei; Abdolmotaleb Hajati
Abstract
This work investigates the extraction of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) from Mighan Playa in Arak, Iran, where 163 boreholes were drilled to depths of up to 20 m revealed a heterogeneous lithology dominated by Glauberite (Na2Ca(SO4)2) and Mirabilite (Na2SO4·10H2O) with average sodium sulfate concentrations ...
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This work investigates the extraction of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) from Mighan Playa in Arak, Iran, where 163 boreholes were drilled to depths of up to 20 m revealed a heterogeneous lithology dominated by Glauberite (Na2Ca(SO4)2) and Mirabilite (Na2SO4·10H2O) with average sodium sulfate concentrations of 25% (ranging from 2–32% and peaking at 55% in localized southwestern areas). The playa’s surface is primarily clay-covered (94%) and interbedded with evaporitic facies including Gypsum, Halite, and carbonate minerals. Seasonal water inflows of 200–800 l/s from a wastewater treatment plant, together with 3.5 m-deep extraction pits and gravitational drainage, have resulted in stagnant ponds over 25% of the southern lake area and an annual reduction in surface area of 5–10%. Stratigraphic analysis further indicates pure Glauberite layers (0.5–1 m thick) at depths of 1,653–1,656 m, in contrast with thicker impure Glauberite-Mirabilite sequences (up to 9 m) present between 1,649–1,659 m. To mitigate these challenges, an integrated engineering approach is proposed that includes pumping seepage brine (with a moisture content of 40%) to solar evaporation pools, employing continuous dual-pump slurry systems for tailings management, and implementing hydraulic balancing through retaining walls and winter brine reserves—measures that enhance extraction efficiency by 30–42% in high-concentration zones. These adaptive mining practices, incorporating in-situ brine leaching and advanced wastewater treatment, are designed to meet 70% of Iran’s annual sodium sulfate demand from an 8 km² operational area while reducing environmental degradation.
Environment
Masoud Monjezi; Safa Moezinia; Jafar Khademi Hamidi; Mojtaba Rezakhah; Vahid Amini; Amir Batarbiat
Abstract
Open-pit mine rehabilitation is essential for managing environmental impacts and achieving sustainable development after mining operations cease. The goal of this study is to find the best way to fix up the Zarshuran Gold Mine by ranking eight different ways to fix it up using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy ...
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Open-pit mine rehabilitation is essential for managing environmental impacts and achieving sustainable development after mining operations cease. The goal of this study is to find the best way to fix up the Zarshuran Gold Mine by ranking eight different ways to fix it up using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). These options are restoring the mine to its original state, planting trees, building a wind farm, creating a recreational area, setting up pastures, farming, building a solar power plant, and creating a tourist attraction. A panel of twelve experts evaluated these alternatives according to ten key criteria: air temperature intensity, number of sunny days, soil conditions, distance from residential areas, topographic irregularity, vegetation density, average wind speed, local animal species, site access, and the size and shape of the mined area. The results indicate that the construction of a solar power plant is identified as the most suitable rehabilitation option for the Zarshuran Gold Mine, considering the region’s climatic conditions (particularly the high number of sunny days per year) and its potential for clean energy generation and revenue creation. This study emphasizes the importance of considering environmental, social, and technical criteria in the decision-making process for mine rehabilitation and provides a framework for selecting sustainable rehabilitation methods in similar mining contexts.
Environment
Aditi Nag
Abstract
Using quantitative data from visitor surveys, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), and stakeholder perspectives, this paper investigates the growth of sustainable tourism at Dhori Mines, a noteworthy mining heritage site (MHS) in India. The survey reveals that 82% of visitors value a site's heritage ...
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Using quantitative data from visitor surveys, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), and stakeholder perspectives, this paper investigates the growth of sustainable tourism at Dhori Mines, a noteworthy mining heritage site (MHS) in India. The survey reveals that 82% of visitors value a site's heritage value and prefer immersive experiences that highlight its cultural and historical significance, highlighting the complex relationship between conservation efforts and visitor engagement. The EIA revealed that 68% of regions experienced moderate to severe environmental degradation, and water contamination increased by 22% since baseline measurements. The findings suggest targeted measures to reduce environmental effects and encourage ethical tourism, emphasizing the importance of inclusive decision-making and collaborative governance in balancing conservation objectives with visitor satisfaction. Developing tailored visitor experiences, implementing sustainable practices based on EIA data, and enhancing community participation are merely some of the important recommendations made in the paper's conclusion. The research provides managers and policymakers with evidence-based recommendations for preserving the environmental sustainability and cultural integrity of MHSs like Dhori Mines, contributing to the growing knowledge on sustainable heritage tourism. Future research prospects include long-term monitoring of environmental impacts, assessing socio-economic outcomes for local communities, and conducting comparative studies across different MHSs.
Environment
Debasmita Basu; Smriti Mishra
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of community perceptions regarding the impacts of reclamation strategies for abandoned coal mines in India, with a specific focus on the Manikpur Coal Mine. Through a structured survey administered to residents in the vicinity of the mine, the research investigates ...
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This study presents a comprehensive analysis of community perceptions regarding the impacts of reclamation strategies for abandoned coal mines in India, with a specific focus on the Manikpur Coal Mine. Through a structured survey administered to residents in the vicinity of the mine, the research investigates the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts of reclamation efforts. Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study identifies key factors influencing community perceptions, including the perceived benefits of reclamation, levels of community involvement, and overall satisfaction with mining operations. The findings reveal significant relationships among these factors, such as the positive influence of reclamation availability/requirement (path coefficient = 0.633) on satisfaction and the negative impact of involvement on satisfaction (-0.805). Indirect effects highlight the interplay between constructs, with experience positively influencing involvement (0.673) and satisfaction (0.162) while negatively affecting reclamation availability/requirement (-0.194). Variations in latent variable scores for satisfaction (-1.63 to 3.031) and reclamation availability/requirement (-1.42 to 1.903) underscore the diverse respondent experiences. These insights emphasize the importance of effective community engagement and tailored reclamation strategies. Policy recommendations are provided to enhance the sustainability and effectiveness of reclamation efforts, emphasizing the need for holistic approaches that integrate economic viability, socio-cultural acceptance, and environmental sustainability. The study contributes to the field of mine reclamation by offering valuable insights into resident perceptions and practical guidelines for improving reclamation practices in mining-affected areas.
Environment
Ayodele Owolabi; Olumuyiwa Temidayo Ogunro; Gbenga Stephen Ayode
Abstract
Sustainable development is one that meets the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The geospatial approach was used to evaluate the degree of sustainability of the mining operations in Okpella, Nigeria. 2011, 2016, and 2021. Normalized ...
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Sustainable development is one that meets the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The geospatial approach was used to evaluate the degree of sustainability of the mining operations in Okpella, Nigeria. 2011, 2016, and 2021. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) revealed mean values of 0.36557, 0.32961, and 0.41674, respectively. This vegetation cover of shrubs, grassland, and relatively healthy vegetation remained after the mining activities in the research area. The surface water in the area is under stress due to the anthropogenic activities like mining, which is known to demand large amounts of water for mineral recovery and processing. Additionally, the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) revealed that the mean values for the years 2011, 2016, and 2021 were, respectively, 0.01415, -0.32949, and -0.15331. The research area's NDMI showed little water stress. The Soil Moisture Index (SMI) for 2011, 2016, and 2021 indicated a moderate moisture content in the soil (0.73682, 0.58690, and 0.58897, respectively). The Land Surface Temperature (LST) data revealed that the LST levels (from 28.623 oC to 32.525 oC) had been rising. During the three years under study, aquatic bodies had the lowest LST values, whereas bare land and populated regions had the greatest LST values. According to the results of the NDVI, NDMI, and MNDWI investigations, this increase was caused by the intermediate vegetation levels and extremely low surface water. It is necessary to develop an environmental policy to mitigate the negative consequences of mining on land covers.
Environment
Aditi Nag; Anurag Singh Rathore
Abstract
The tourism industry is experiencing a profound transformation driven by digital innovations such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and interactive platforms. This paper explores how these technologies are reshaping destination competitiveness, with a specific focus on the mining heritage ...
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The tourism industry is experiencing a profound transformation driven by digital innovations such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and interactive platforms. This paper explores how these technologies are reshaping destination competitiveness, with a specific focus on the mining heritage sites (MHSs). By leveraging VR and AR, heritage sites can offer immersive and interactive experiences that enhance visitor engagement, and broaden their reach. Through a case-study analysis, this work examines successful implementations of digital tourism initiatives at various MHSs including the Big Pit National Coal Museum, the Mining Museum of Slovenia, the Mining Museum of the West, the Erzgebirge Mining Region, and the Mesabi Iron Ore Mines. The findings reveal that digital tools significantly improve accessibility, educational value, and global appeal of these sites. However, challenges such as the technical and financial constraints remain. The paper concludes with recommendations for practitioners on integrating digital technologies effectively and suggestions for future research to explore long-term impacts and emerging trends. This work underscores the transformative potential of digital innovation in enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of tourism destinations.
Environment
Salil Seth; Mrinal Kanti Mahato; Mohd Irfan Pathan; Lokesh Tomar; Parveen Yadav
Abstract
This paper explores the role of eco-centric financing in promoting sustainable development and addressing environmental challenges in mine cities. Through qualitative analysis of the case studies from the Pilbara region in Australia, the Visakhapatnam-Chennai Industrial Corridor in India, and the Kapan ...
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This paper explores the role of eco-centric financing in promoting sustainable development and addressing environmental challenges in mine cities. Through qualitative analysis of the case studies from the Pilbara region in Australia, the Visakhapatnam-Chennai Industrial Corridor in India, and the Kapan Mining Complex in Armenia, the work highlights the multifaceted nature of eco-centric financing, and its implications for various stakeholders, including local governments, mining companies, and communities. The findings reveal that eco-centric financing is essential for enhancing climate resilience, fostering sustainable mining practices, and generating socio-economic benefits. However, significant barriers hinder its effective implementation including inadequate regulatory frameworks, limited access to financial resources, and social mistrust among stakeholders. The paper identifies key opportunities for improvement such as strengthening policy frameworks, enhancing stakeholder engagement, and integrating technology and innovation into financing initiatives. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of a holistic and inclusive approach to eco-centric financing, emphasizing the need for collaboration and transparency to ensure equitable and sustainable outcomes in mine cities.
Environment
Daniyal Ghadyani; Amirhossein Badraddini; Mohammad Mirzehi Kalateh Kazemi; Vahab Sarfarazi; Hadi Haeri; Jinwei Fu; Sohrab Naser Mostofi; Vahid Khodabandeloo; Mohammad Fatehi Marji
Abstract
Regarding the hazard-prone working conditions in underground mines, synchronous monitoring and alarm system is vital to increase the safety. By analyzing the accidents in underground mines in Iran, it can be deduced that most fatalities are related to gas leakage, objects drop off on the head, and not ...
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Regarding the hazard-prone working conditions in underground mines, synchronous monitoring and alarm system is vital to increase the safety. By analyzing the accidents in underground mines in Iran, it can be deduced that most fatalities are related to gas leakage, objects drop off on the head, and not using helmets by the staff. Therefore, a smart helmet with the capability of measuring harmful gasses (regarding the type of the mine), detection of the existence of the helmet on the head, temperature and humidity measurement, and detection of blow on the head is designed and fabricated to eliminate the present dangers and problems. This system displays the evaluated data on a developed software through wireless data transmission hardware. The data transmission hardware is the primary a link between the intelligent safety helmet and the software. To follow the idea, practical experiments have been performed in Parvadeh four and East Parvadeh of Tabas coal mine to confirm the validity of data transmission that culminated in successful results. The results were altered by the complexity of the design of the underground spaces so that in a straight direction, data transmission was held until 430 meters. However, further progress was not possible due to tunnel limitations. Data transmission was reduced to 190 meters in access horizons with curvatures or tilts. According to present standards, some thresholds are defined for each of the mentioned cases such that alarm protocol is activated by exceeding these thresholds in critical circumstances. Then the helmet user and the software’s operator will be informed of the occurred danger and will settle the problem. The system outlined in this study ensures performance reliability through its alarm package. A key innovation is the in-depth examination of the impact of head injuries, transforming it into other factors by analyzing relevant content and setting boundaries for assessment rather than using specific numbers. Furthermore, the most evident aspect of this design is the enhancement of the managerial approach, which includes an attendance evaluation platform and performance reporting within the system.
Environment
Azadeh Agah; Faramarz Doulati Ardejani
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a model to illustrate the migration of petroleum hydrocarbons that penetrate the underground environment due to leakage from storage tanks located below the surface.The transport model for non-aqueous phase liquids was integrated with contaminant transport models in two dimensions ...
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This study aimed to develop a model to illustrate the migration of petroleum hydrocarbons that penetrate the underground environment due to leakage from storage tanks located below the surface.The transport model for non-aqueous phase liquids was integrated with contaminant transport models in two dimensions to forecast the contamination of groundwater and soil-gas resulting from the migration of light non-aqueous phase liquids on the water surface. The finite volume method was employed to obtain numerical solutions. The findings indicated that evaporation significantly influences the migration of non-aqueous phase liquids. The soluble plume's production and movement were impacted by the geological features of the location and the existence of the free phase plume. Comparing the model predictions and the results from the field studies for the thickness of non-aqueous phase liquids plume over water indicates a good agreement between the results of the two methods with an average error of less than 5%. The maximum thickness of non-aqueous phase liquids plume between 7 and 7.5 meters was obtained at a distance of 2250 meters from the beginning of the investigated profile. Although 36 years have passed since the leakage occurred, a significant amount of the spilled mass still remained in the non-aqueous phase liquids. The prolonged migration of non-aqueous phase liquids over this time period has led to the contamination of groundwater and the accumulation of significant quantities of contaminated soil.
Environment
Hamid Sarkheil; Shahram Alghasi; Ali Sadeghy Nejad
Abstract
Environmental degradation, particularly in marine ecosystems, has become a critical issue, due to industrial activities. Offshore areas are significantly impacted by the deep sea mining operations, leading to pollution and ecological imbalances. The existing environmental risk assessment models often ...
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Environmental degradation, particularly in marine ecosystems, has become a critical issue, due to industrial activities. Offshore areas are significantly impacted by the deep sea mining operations, leading to pollution and ecological imbalances. The existing environmental risk assessment models often fail to integrate the qualitative and quantitative data effectively, highlighting a significant research work gap. This work aims to address this gap by developing a comprehensive framework using the Bayesian Networks (BN), and the NETICA software to evaluate the risks associated with the installation of three-legged deep sea mining structures. The major goals are to systematically identify and prioritize the risks, and to develop effective mitigation strategies. The novelty of this work lies in its innovative use of the Bayesian modeling to combine the expert knowledge with the empirical data, providing a detailed categorization of risks into the low, medium, and high levels. The output parameters focus on the severity, likelihood, and detectability of risks. The results indicate that 40% of the habitat destruction risks are low, 46% fall within the ALARP region, and 14% are high, while the species destruction risks are 31% low, 50% ALARP, and 19% high. These findings guide the targeted mitigation measures to ensure effective protection of the offshore marine environment. Also the work concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at mitigating identified risks, and minimizing the environmental impacts. These include the implementation of advanced monitoring technologies, adoption of best management practices, and enforcement of stricter regulatory frameworks.
Environment
Akram Abdolahadi; Seyed Jamal Sheikhzakariaee; Abdollah Yazdi; Seyed Zahed Mousavi
Abstract
The Plio-quaternary sub-volcanic domes are the products of magmatism in the Turkish-Iranian plateau in the collision zone between Eurasia and Arabia. Intermediate-felsic volcanic rocks are found 50 km west of Ardabil. These volcanic domes make a significant part of the Sabalan volcanic, a Plio-quaternary ...
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The Plio-quaternary sub-volcanic domes are the products of magmatism in the Turkish-Iranian plateau in the collision zone between Eurasia and Arabia. Intermediate-felsic volcanic rocks are found 50 km west of Ardabil. These volcanic domes make a significant part of the Sabalan volcanic, a Plio-quaternary stratovolcano in northwest Iran. The igneous rocks (adakitic) include dacite, trachyte, andesite, trachy-andesite, and trachydacite, associated with ignimbrite and pyroclastic equivalents. They mainly comprise phenocrysts and a microcrystalline groundmass of pyroxene, amphibole, and plagioclase, with biotite and titanomagnetite. These rocks are enriched in Light Rare Earth Elements (LRREs) and Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILEs) and depleted from Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HRREs) and High-Field Strength Elements (HFSEs). In these rocks, the SiO2 content is 56-66 wt%, Na2O is > 3.5 wt%, Al2O3 > 15 wt%, Yb < 0.2 ppm, and Y < 7 ppm, which are typical of high silica adakitic rocks. The initial ratios of the 143Nd/144Nd range from 0.5127 to 0.5129 and the initial ratios of 87Sr/86Sr for the adakites range from 0.7035 to 0.7060, reflecting the heterogeneity of the mantle and different degrees of crystallization. These geological, geochemical, and Sr, and Nd isotopic data indicate that these rocks belong to the post-collisional adakite type, and are derived from low-degree partial melting of a subduction-metasomatized continental lithospheric mantle (eclogite or amphibolite garnet). In the studied area, mineralization related to Plio-quaternary adakitic rocks has not been observed.
Environment
Lateef Bankole Adamolekun; Taiwo Blessing Olamide; Muyideen Alade Saliu; Esma Kahraman; Victor Afolabi Jebutu; Yewuhalashet Fissha; Adams Abiodun Akinlabi
Abstract
Examining the applicability of laterite clay for landfill and other engineering applications is critical due to the daily challenges that practitioners face as a result of material property variation. The suitability of seven selected laterite deposits in southwestern Nigeria as usable liner material ...
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Examining the applicability of laterite clay for landfill and other engineering applications is critical due to the daily challenges that practitioners face as a result of material property variation. The suitability of seven selected laterite deposits in southwestern Nigeria as usable liner material in solid waste landfill construction was investigated in this study, taking geotechnical properties and chemical composition into account. Purposive samples were collected and tested in accordance with ASTM standard procedures for analyzing geotechnical properties. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the soil's clay mineral composition. The clay mineral composition of the soil was determined using X-ray diffraction analysis. The geotechnical analysis revealed the following ranges for the samples: gravel particle size percentage (3.7% to 34.0%), fines particle size percentage (17.4% to 71.7%), liquid limit (28.1% to 65.8%), plasticity index (3.95 to 45.53), activity (0.44 to 0.81), coefficient of permeability (6.75 x10-10 m/s to 5.80 x 10-6 m/s), specific gravity (2.639 to 2.768), and maximum dry density (1462 kg/m3 to 2065 kg/m3). X-ray diffraction test revealed that the clay minerals content in the seven location clay deposit varies depending on location. The study revealed that the clay mineralogical composition affects the suitability of the soil as a landfill liner material. Four among the seven clay deposits considered in this study were found suitable as a liner for solid waste landfills as compared with landfill material standard specifications.
Environment
Asghar Azadehranjbar; Shahrzad khoramnejadian; Saeidreza Asemi Zavareh; Alireza Pendashteh
Abstract
Mining and minerals extraction and purification are critical in today’s world. However, these processes may have negative consequences on the environment. Xanthates which are essential in the floatation process are found to be significant polluting chemicals. In this manuscript, the effect of different ...
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Mining and minerals extraction and purification are critical in today’s world. However, these processes may have negative consequences on the environment. Xanthates which are essential in the floatation process are found to be significant polluting chemicals. In this manuscript, the effect of different parameters on the recovery of lead from Nakhlak lead mine was investigated considering the impact of used chemicals on the surrounding environment including air, soil and native plant species. The reason for this investigation was to achieve the optimal conditions for the minimum consumption of xanthates and other chemicals. The optimal recovery was obtained in the presence of xanthate (1 kg/t) and sodium silicate (0.4 kg/t). In addition, MIBC showed to be more efficient in the floatation process. Furthermore, it was observed that higher xanthate contents are required for the floatation of large particles. Therefore, smaller particles of feed can decrease xanthate consumption. A particle size of 100 µm showed the best floatation recovery with the least xanthate requirement.
Environment
Behnoosh Khataei; Farhad Qaderi; Farzad Mosavat
Abstract
The increase in the number of factories, the industrialization of human life, and the increasing use of industrial paints have caused an increase in dye wastewater and consequent environmental pollution. Discharging wastewater containing the dyes mentioned above, which are often carcinogenic, is a severe ...
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The increase in the number of factories, the industrialization of human life, and the increasing use of industrial paints have caused an increase in dye wastewater and consequent environmental pollution. Discharging wastewater containing the dyes mentioned above, which are often carcinogenic, is a severe threat to living organisms. In this research, a photocatalytic method (as an advanced oxidation method) using zinc oxide nanoparticles was investigated to treat the colored wastewater containing methylene blue. This type of nanoparticle is cheap (based on the used synthesis method), abundant and readily available, and low in toxicity. For this purpose, an evaluation of the optimal ratio between zinc acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out. Furthermore, the simultaneous decreasing and increasing effects of independent parameters (pH, irradiation time, methylene blue concentration, zinc acetate to PVP ratio) on the efficiency of the photocatalytic process and kinetic model were evaluated. The results showed that the best pollutant removal efficiency (91.7%) was obtained using the ratio of zinc acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone equal to 33.67 in 60 minutes of irradiation time. This result shows that the lower ratio of zinc acetate to polyvinylpyrrolidone indicates higher dye removal.
Environment
Aditi Nag; Smriti Mishra
Abstract
The convergence of Mining Heritage Tourism (MHT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents a transformative paradigm, reshaping heritage preservation, visitor engagement, and sustainable growth. This paper investigates the dynamic synergy between these realms, probing how AI-driven technologies can augment ...
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The convergence of Mining Heritage Tourism (MHT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents a transformative paradigm, reshaping heritage preservation, visitor engagement, and sustainable growth. This paper investigates the dynamic synergy between these realms, probing how AI-driven technologies can augment the authenticity, accessibility, and educational significance of mining heritage sites. Focusing on the profound impact of AI on MHT, this study centers its examination on the Barr Conglomerate located in the culturally rich Pali District, India. Employing a mixed-methods approach involving survey data analysis and neural network modelling, the research work explores AI applications that enhance visitor experiences, interpret historical narratives, optimize resource allocation, and mitigate the adverse effects of over-tourism. The study meticulously navigates a vast landscape of AI technologies, spanning machine learning, natural language processing, and augmented reality, show-casing their potential to enrich encounters with mining heritage. While AI promises to revolutionize heritage management, the paper emphasizes the critical importance of ethical considerations and cultural sensitivities. Balancing innovation with preservation, the study advocates for an inclusive approach that honors diverse cultural values and encourages community engagement. Through this exploration, the paper delves into the practical implementation of AI, unveiling best practices lessons learned and illuminating challenges and opportunities. Ultimately, this research work envisions a future where AI empowers mining heritage to transcend temporal boundaries, cultivating immersive experiences resonating with authenticity, global understanding, and sustainable stewardship.
Environment
Anna Perevoshchikova; Larisa Rudakova; Natalia Mitrakova; Elizaveta Malyshkina; Nikita Kobelev
Abstract
The utilisation of potash reserves has various environmental consequences, such as the generation of substantial volumes of solid waste containing high levels of sodium chloride. The accumulation of environmental harm gives rise to an unfavourable environmental scenario in potash production areas, which ...
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The utilisation of potash reserves has various environmental consequences, such as the generation of substantial volumes of solid waste containing high levels of sodium chloride. The accumulation of environmental harm gives rise to an unfavourable environmental scenario in potash production areas, which requires the investigation of waste management solutions. The predominant approach to reducing surface waste involves backfilling mined areas. In other countries, salt dump reclamation is utilised alongside backfilling. The distinctive characteristic of salt dump reclamation lies in the water-solubility and phytotoxicity of the dump rock. This research aims to evaluate the morphometric and biochemical parameters (using phytotesting) of vegetation throughout the process of salt dump reclamation using different variants. A model reclamation was carried out in a laboratory setting, where three different variants were subjected to experimentation. A reduction in the thickness of the protective clay barrier resulted in a decline in morphometric aspects of the experimental crops as well as the woody vegetation. Reducing the thickness of the protective clay barrier leads to an elevation in the redox activity of the examined crops, thus pointing towards potential environmental toxicity. Superior morphometric and biochemical parameters were noted in vegetation possessing a substantial protective covering, hinting at the feasibility of utilising insulating layers for salt dump reclamation. Phytotesting serves as an indicative approach to assessing soil toxicity and as a parameter for determining soil resilience against pollution. The findings hold potential for application in further research within the field of biological reclamation in areas with dump sites.
